1 So king Solomon was king over all Israel.

2 And these were the princes which he had; Azariah the son of Zadok the priest,

3 Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder.

4 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the host: and Zadok and Abiathar were the priests:

5 And Azariah the son of Nathan was over the officers: and Zabud the son of Nathan was principal officer, and the king's friend:

6 And Ahishar was over the household: and Adoniram the son of Abda was over the tribute.

7 And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision.

8 And these are their names: The son of Hur, in mount Ephraim:

9 The son of Dekar, in Makaz, and in Shaalbim, and Bethshemesh, and Elonbethhanan:

10 The son of Hesed, in Aruboth; to him pertained Sochoh, and all the land of Hepher:

11 The son of Abinadab, in all the region of Dor; which had Taphath the daughter of Solomon to wife:

12 Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and all Bethshean, which is by Zartanah beneath Jezreel, from Bethshean to Abelmeholah, even unto the place that is beyond Jokneam:

13 The son of Geber, in Ramothgilead; to him pertained the towns of Jair the son of Manasseh, which are in Gilead; to him also pertained the region of Argob, which is in Bashan, threescore great cities with walls and brasen bars:

14 Ahinadab the son of Iddo had Mahanaim:

15 Ahimaaz was in Naphtali; he also took Basmath the daughter of Solomon to wife:

16 Baanah the son of Hushai was in Asher and in Aloth:

17 Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah, in Issachar:

18 Shimei the son of Elah, in Benjamin:

19 Geber the son of Uri was in the country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the land.

20 Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry.

21 And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life.

22 And Solomon's provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal,

23 Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl.

24 For he had dominion over all the region on this side the river, from Tiphsah even to Azzah, over all the kings on this side the river: and he had peace on all sides round about him.

25 And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig tree, from Dan even to Beersheba, all the days of Solomon.

26 And Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen.

27 And those officers provided victual for king Solomon, and for all that came unto king Solomon's table, every man in his month: they lacked nothing.

28 Barley also and straw for the horses and dromedaries brought they unto the place where the officers were, every man according to his charge.

29 And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea shore.

30 And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt.

31 For he was wiser than all men; than Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol: and his fame was in all nations round about.

32 And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a thousand and five.

33 And he spake of trees, from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall: he spake also of beasts, and of fowl, and of creeping things, and of fishes.

34 And there came of all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, from all kings of the earth, which had heard of his wisdom.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
All Israel - This is spoken with respect to his successors, who were kings only over a part, and that the smallest part of it.
McArther Bible Commentary
all Israel. Solomon was in firm control of all the people. Israel's squabbling factions had fallen in line behind the king.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 3:28 1 Kings 4:2 1 Kings 12:6

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Princes - That is, the chief rulers or officers. The son - Or the grand - son. The priest - The second priest, or the priest that attended upon Solomon's person in holy offices and administrations.
McArther Bible Commentary
Azariah … the son of. Actually, he was the son of Ahimaaz and the grandson of Zadok, as "son of" can mean "descendant of" (cf. 1Ch 6:8-9). In David's roster of officials, the army commander came first (2Sa 8:16; 2Sa 20:23). Under Solomon, the priest and other officials preceded the military leader.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:1 1 Chronicles 6:10

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Scribes - That is, secretaries of state. He chose two, whereas David had but one: either, because he observed some inconveniences in trusting all those matters in one hand: or, because he had now much more employment than David had, this being a time of great peace and prosperity, and his empire enlarged.
McArther Bible Commentary
scribes. They probably prepared royal edicts and kept official records. recorder. Likely, he maintained the records of all important daily affairs in the kingdom.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 14:3 2 Samuel 8:16 2 Samuel 20:23 2 Samuel 20:24

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Priests - That is, the high - priests, successively, first Abiathar, and then Zadok.
McArther Bible Commentary
priests. Zadok and Abiathar had served together as high priests under David (2Sa 8:17; 1Ki 20:25). Although Abiathar had been removed from priestly service and exiled (1Ki 2:26-27, 1Ki 2:35), he maintained his priestly title until his death.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 8:18 2 Samuel 20:25 1 Kings 2:27 1 Kings 2:35

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Officers - Over those twelve Officers, named (1 Kings 4:7) , &c. who were all to give up their accompts to him. Nathan - The prophet, who had been so highly instrumental in Solomon's establishment in the throne. Principal officer - Possibly, president of the king's council. Friend - His confident, with whom he used to communicate his most secret counsels.
McArther Bible Commentary
Nathan. Whether this is the prophet Nathan (see note on 1Ki 1:8) or another person by that name is uncertain, but it could be that Solomon was honoring the sons of the prophet.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:6 1 Kings 4:7

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Abiathar was - Steward of the king's household. Tribute - The personal tribute, or the levy of men, as appears by comparing this with (1 Kings 5:13-14) , it being very fit that there should be some one person to whom the chief conduct of that great business was committed.
McArther Bible Commentary
over the household. One who managed Solomon's properties, both lands and buildings (cf. 1Ki 16:9; 1Ki 18:3; 2Ki 18:18, 2Ki 18:37; 1Ki 19:2). over the labor force. One who oversaw the conscripted workers of Solomon (cf. 1Ki 5:13-18).
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:5 1 Kings 4:7 1 Kings 5:13 1 Kings 5:14 1 Kings 12:18 2 Chronicles 8:8 2 Chronicles 10:18

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
McArther Bible Commentary
twelve governors. Solomon divided the land into twelve geographical districts (different from the tribal boundaries), each supervised by a governor. Each month a different governor collected provisions in his district to supply the king and his staff.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:5 1 Kings 4:6 1 Kings 4:8 1 Kings 12:4

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The son, &c. - This and others of them are denominated from their fathers, because they were known and famous in their generation.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 24:33 1 Kings 4:7

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 15:10 Joshua 21:16 Judges 1:35

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Hepher - In Judah.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 12:17 Joshua 15:35

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 11:1 Joshua 11:2

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 3:16 Joshua 17:11 Judges 5:19 Judges 7:22 1 Kings 19:16 1 Chronicles 6:68

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 32:41 Deuteronomy 3:4 Joshua 21:38 1 Kings 22:3

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 32:2 Joshua 13:26

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 26:34 2 Samuel 15:27

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 15:32 1 Kings 4:17

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:16 1 Kings 4:18

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 1:8 1 Kings 4:17

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's court.
In the choice of the great officers of Solomon's court, no doubt, his wisdom appeared. Several are the same that were in his father's time. A plan was settled by which no part of the country was exhausted to supply his court, though each sent its portion.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Country of Gilead - That is, in the remaining part of that land of Gilead, which was mentioned above. The only officer - In all Gilead, excepting the parcels mentioned before, in all the territories of Sihon and Og; which because they were of large extent, and yet all committed to this one man, it is here noted concerning him as his privilege above the rest.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 21:33 Deuteronomy 3:8

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
McArther Bible Commentary
numerous as the sand by the sea. A clear allusion to the Lord's promise to Abraham in Gen 22:17. The early years of Solomon's reign, characterized by population growth, peace, and prosperity, were a foreshadowing of the blessings that will prevail in Israel when the Abrahamic covenant is fulfilled.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 22:17 Genesis 32:12 1 Kings 3:8 1 Kings 4:29 2 Kings 18:31 1 Chronicles 22:9

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The river - Euphrates: for so far David, having conquered the Syrians, extended his empire, which Solomon also maintained in that extent. And so God's promise concerning the giving the whole land, as far as Euphrates, to the Israelites, was fulfilled. And, if the Israelites had multiplied so much that the land of Canaan would not suffice them, having God's grant of all the land as far as Euphrates, they might have seized upon it whensoever occasion required. The land of the Philistines - Which is to be understood inclusively; for the Philistines were within Solomon's dominion. The border of Egypt - Unto the river Sihor, which was the border between Egypt and Canaan. And served - By tribute, or other ways, as he needed and required.
McArther Bible Commentary
all kingdoms. The borders of the kingdoms which Solomon influenced echoed the Lord's promise to Abraham in Gen 15:18. However, Solomon's reign was not the fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant for three reasons: (1) Israel still only lived in the land "from Dan as far as Beersheba" (1Ki 4:25). Abraham's seed did not inhabit all the land promised to Abraham. (2) The non-Israelite kingdoms did not lose their identity and independence, but rather recognized Solomon's authority and brought him tribute without surrendering title to their lands. (3) According to Num 34:6, the Mediterranean Sea is to be the western border of the land of promise, indicating that Tyre was to be a part of the Promised Land. However, Hiram king of Tyre was a sovereign who entered into a bilateral or parity treaty (between equals) with Solomon (1Ki 5:1-12).
Bible Cross References
Genesis 15:18 Joshua 1:4 2 Samuel 8:2 2 Samuel 8:6 1 Kings 3:13 1 Kings 4:22 1 Kings 12:4 2 Chronicles 9:26 Ezra 4:20 Lamentations 1:1 Ezekiel 16:13

Verse 22

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Measures - Heb. Cors: each of which contained ten ephahs. So this provision was sufficient for near three thousand persons. Meal - Of a coarser sort for common use.
McArther Bible Commentary
provision. I.e., the daily provisions for Solomon's palace.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:21 1 Kings 4:23 Nehemiah 5:18

Verse 23

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Fat - Fatted in stalls. Out of pastures - Well fleshed, tender and good, though not so fat as the former.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:22 1 Kings 4:24 Nehemiah 5:18 Ecclesiastes 2:7

Verse 24

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Tiphsah - Either that Tiphsah, (2 Kings 15:16) , which was in the kingdom of Israel within Jordan; or, rather, another place of that name upon Euphrates, even that eminent city which is mentioned by Ptolemy, and Strabo, and Pliny, called Thapsarum. And this best agrees with the following: Azzah, which was the border of Canaan in the south and west, as Tiphsah was in the north and east. And so his dominion is described by both its borders. All kings - Who owned subjection, and paid tribute to him.
McArther Bible Commentary
Tiphsah … Gaza. Tiphsah was located on the west bank of the Euphrates River and Gaza on the southwestern Mediterranean coast. These towns represented the northeast and southwest points of Solomon's influence.
Bible Cross References
Judges 1:18 1 Kings 4:23 1 Kings 5:4 1 Chronicles 22:9 2 Chronicles 9:26 Psalm 72:11 Jeremiah 47:1

Verse 25

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Under his vine - Enjoying the fruit of his own labour with safety and comfort. Under these two trees, which were most used and cultivated by the Israelites, he understands all other fruit - bearing trees, and all other comforts. And they are brought in as fitting or dwelling under these trees, partly for recreation or delight in the shade; and partly, for the comfort or advantage of the fruit; and withal, to note their great security, not only in their strong cities, but even in the country, where the vines and fig - trees grew, which was most open to the incursions of their enemies.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 3:20 2 Kings 18:31 1 Chronicles 22:9 Isaiah 36:16 Jeremiah 23:6 Ezekiel 39:26 Micah 4:4 Zechariah 3:10

Verse 26

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Forty thousand - In (2 Chronicles 9:25) , it is but four thousand. But it is not exactly the same Hebrew word which is here and there, though we translate both stalls; and therefore there may well be allowed some difference in the signification, the one signifying properly stables, of which there were four thousand, the other stalls or partitions for each horse, which were forty thousand. Chariots - Both for his military chariots, which seem to be those fourteen hundred, (1 Kings 10:26) , and for divers other uses, as about his great and various buildings, and merchandises, and other occasions, which might require some thousands of other chariots. Horsemen - Appointed partly for the defence of his people in peace; and partly for attendance upon his person, and for the splendor of his government.
McArther Bible Commentary
forty thousand stalls. Though the Hebrew text reads 40,000, this was probably a copyist's error in transcribing the text, and it should read 4,000 as in 2Ch 9:25.
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 17:16 1 Kings 4:27 1 Kings 9:19 1 Kings 10:26 2 Chronicles 1:14 2 Chronicles 9:25

Verse 27

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The officers - Named above. They lacked - Or rather, they suffered nothing to be lacking to any man that came thither, but plentifully provided all things necessary.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:26 1 Kings 4:28

Verse 28

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Solomon's dominions, His daily provision.
Never did the crown of Israel shine so bright, as when Solomon wore it. He had peace on all sides. Herein, his kingdom was a type of the Messiah's; for to Him it is promised that he shall have the heathen for his inheritance, and that princes shall worship him. The spiritual peace, and joy, and holy security, of all the faithful subjects of the Lord Jesus, were typified by that of Israel. The kingdom of God is not, as Solomon's was, meat and drink, but, what is infinitely better, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. The vast number of his attendants, and the great resort to him, are shown by the provision daily made. Herein Christ far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:27 Esther 8:10 Esther 8:14 Micah 1:13

Verse 29

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The wisdom of Solomon.
Solomon's wisdom was more his glory than his wealth. He had what is here called largeness of heart, for the heart is often put for the powers of the mind. He had the gift of utterance, as well as wisdom. It is very desirable, that those who have large gifts of any kind, should have large hearts to use them for the good of others. What treasures of wisdom and knowledge are lost! But every sort of knowledge that is needful for salvation is to be found in the holy Scriptures. There came persons from all parts, who were more eager after knowledge than their neighbours, to hear the wisdom of Solomon. Solomon was herein a type of Christ, in whom are hid all treasures of wisdom and knowledge; and hid for us, for he is made of God to us, wisdom. Christ's fame shall spread through all the earth, and men of all nations shall come to him, learn of him, and take upon them his easy yoke, and find rest for their souls.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Largeness of heart - Vastness of understanding, a most comprehensive knowledge of all things both Divine and human.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 3:12 1 Kings 4:20 Psalm 119:32 Daniel 2:21

Verse 30

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The wisdom of Solomon.
Solomon's wisdom was more his glory than his wealth. He had what is here called largeness of heart, for the heart is often put for the powers of the mind. He had the gift of utterance, as well as wisdom. It is very desirable, that those who have large gifts of any kind, should have large hearts to use them for the good of others. What treasures of wisdom and knowledge are lost! But every sort of knowledge that is needful for salvation is to be found in the holy Scriptures. There came persons from all parts, who were more eager after knowledge than their neighbours, to hear the wisdom of Solomon. Solomon was herein a type of Christ, in whom are hid all treasures of wisdom and knowledge; and hid for us, for he is made of God to us, wisdom. Christ's fame shall spread through all the earth, and men of all nations shall come to him, learn of him, and take upon them his easy yoke, and find rest for their souls.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
East country - The Chaldeans, Persians, and Arabians, who all lay eastward from Canaan, and were famous in ancient times for their wisdom and learning. Egypt - The Egyptians, whose fame was then great for their skill in the arts and sciences, which made them despise the Grecians as children in knowledge.
McArther Bible Commentary
the East … Egypt. The people east of Israel in Mesopotamia and Arabia (cf. Job 1:3) and in Egypt were known for their wisdom. Egypt had been renowned for learning and science, as well as culture. Solomon's wisdom was superior to all at home or abroad (1Ki 4:31).
Bible Cross References
Acts 7:22 Genesis 29:1 Judges 6:33 1 Kings 10:23 Ecclesiastes 1:16 Isaiah 19:11 Ezekiel 25:4 Daniel 1:20

Verse 31

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The wisdom of Solomon.
Solomon's wisdom was more his glory than his wealth. He had what is here called largeness of heart, for the heart is often put for the powers of the mind. He had the gift of utterance, as well as wisdom. It is very desirable, that those who have large gifts of any kind, should have large hearts to use them for the good of others. What treasures of wisdom and knowledge are lost! But every sort of knowledge that is needful for salvation is to be found in the holy Scriptures. There came persons from all parts, who were more eager after knowledge than their neighbours, to hear the wisdom of Solomon. Solomon was herein a type of Christ, in whom are hid all treasures of wisdom and knowledge; and hid for us, for he is made of God to us, wisdom. Christ's fame shall spread through all the earth, and men of all nations shall come to him, learn of him, and take upon them his easy yoke, and find rest for their souls.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
All men - Either of his nation; or, of his time: or, of all times and nations, whether of the east or any other country excepting only the first and second Adam. Ethan, &c. - Israelites of eminent wisdom, probably the same mentioned, (1 Chronicles 2:6) , (1 Chronicles 15:19) , (1 Chronicles 25:4) ; (Psalms 88:1) (title,) (Psalms 89:1) (title). Chalcol, &c. - Of whom see (1 Chronicles 2:6) .
McArther Bible Commentary
sons of Mahol. This probably meant "singers," a guild of musicians who created sacred songs.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 3:12 1 Chronicles 2:6 1 Chronicles 15:19 Psalm 88:1 Psalm 89:1 Daniel 1:20

Verse 32

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The wisdom of Solomon.
Solomon's wisdom was more his glory than his wealth. He had what is here called largeness of heart, for the heart is often put for the powers of the mind. He had the gift of utterance, as well as wisdom. It is very desirable, that those who have large gifts of any kind, should have large hearts to use them for the good of others. What treasures of wisdom and knowledge are lost! But every sort of knowledge that is needful for salvation is to be found in the holy Scriptures. There came persons from all parts, who were more eager after knowledge than their neighbours, to hear the wisdom of Solomon. Solomon was herein a type of Christ, in whom are hid all treasures of wisdom and knowledge; and hid for us, for he is made of God to us, wisdom. Christ's fame shall spread through all the earth, and men of all nations shall come to him, learn of him, and take upon them his easy yoke, and find rest for their souls.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Proverbs - That is, short, and deep, and useful sentences, whereof a great part are contained in the books of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. Songs - Whereof the chief and most divine are in the Canticles.
McArther Bible Commentary
proverbs … songs. Hundreds of Solomon's proverbs have been preserved in the Book of Proverbs (see Introduction to Proverbs). One of his songs is the Song of Solomon, also called the "Song of Songs" indicating that it was Solomon's finest work.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:33 Proverbs 1:1 Proverbs 10:1 Proverbs 25:1 Ecclesiastes 12:9 Ecclesiastes 12:12 Song of Solomon 1:1

Verse 33

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The wisdom of Solomon.
Solomon's wisdom was more his glory than his wealth. He had what is here called largeness of heart, for the heart is often put for the powers of the mind. He had the gift of utterance, as well as wisdom. It is very desirable, that those who have large gifts of any kind, should have large hearts to use them for the good of others. What treasures of wisdom and knowledge are lost! But every sort of knowledge that is needful for salvation is to be found in the holy Scriptures. There came persons from all parts, who were more eager after knowledge than their neighbours, to hear the wisdom of Solomon. Solomon was herein a type of Christ, in whom are hid all treasures of wisdom and knowledge; and hid for us, for he is made of God to us, wisdom. Christ's fame shall spread through all the earth, and men of all nations shall come to him, learn of him, and take upon them his easy yoke, and find rest for their souls.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Trees - That is, of all plants, of their nature and qualities: all which discourses are lost, without any impeachment of the perfection of the holy scriptures; which were not written to teach men philosophy or physick, but only to make them wise unto salvation. From the cedar, &c. - That is, from the greatest to the least.
McArther Bible Commentary
trees … animals … birds. Solomon described and taught about all kinds of plant and animal life, e.g., Pro 6:6-8; Pro 28:15; Pro 30:19.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 14:51 1 Kings 4:32 1 Kings 4:34 Song of Solomon 4:8 Song of Solomon 5:15

Verse 34

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The wisdom of Solomon.
Solomon's wisdom was more his glory than his wealth. He had what is here called largeness of heart, for the heart is often put for the powers of the mind. He had the gift of utterance, as well as wisdom. It is very desirable, that those who have large gifts of any kind, should have large hearts to use them for the good of others. What treasures of wisdom and knowledge are lost! But every sort of knowledge that is needful for salvation is to be found in the holy Scriptures. There came persons from all parts, who were more eager after knowledge than their neighbours, to hear the wisdom of Solomon. Solomon was herein a type of Christ, in whom are hid all treasures of wisdom and knowledge; and hid for us, for he is made of God to us, wisdom. Christ's fame shall spread through all the earth, and men of all nations shall come to him, learn of him, and take upon them his easy yoke, and find rest for their souls.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
All kings - All the neighbouring kings; a restriction grounded upon the following words, where this is limited to such as heard of Solomon's wisdom. Let those who magnify the modern learning above that of the ancients, produce such a treasury of learning, anywhere in these later ages, as that was, which Solomon was master of. Yet this puts an honour upon human learning, that Solomon is praised for it, and recommends it to the great ones of the earth, as well worthy their diligent search. In all this Solomon was a type of Christ, in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
McArther Bible Commentary
men of all nations. Solomon acquired an international reputation for his wisdom. Many important visitors came from faraway places to learn from Solomon's wisdom (cf. 1Ki 10:1-13).
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 4:33 1 Kings 10:1 2 Chronicles 9:23