1 And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire;

And had taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not any, either great or small, but carried them away, and went on their way.

So David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captives.

Then David and the people that were with him lifted up their voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep.

And David's two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.

And David was greatly distressed; for the people spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters: but David encouraged himself in the Lord his God.

And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David.

And David enquired at the Lord, saying, Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them? And he answered him, Pursue: for thou shalt surely overtake them, and without fail recover all.

So David went, he and the six hundred men that were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those that were left behind stayed.

10 But David pursued, he and four hundred men: for two hundred abode behind, which were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor.

11 And they found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David, and gave him bread, and he did eat; and they made him drink water;

12 And they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins: and when he had eaten, his spirit came again to him: for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights.

13 And David said unto him, To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou? And he said, I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days agone I fell sick.

14 We made an invasion upon the south of the Cherethites, and upon the coast which belongeth to Judah, and upon the south of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire.

15 And David said to him, Canst thou bring me down to this company? And he said, Swear unto me by God, that thou wilt neither kill me, nor deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will bring thee down to this company.

16 And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad upon all the earth, eating and drinking, and dancing, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah.

17 And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day: and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men, which rode upon camels, and fled.

18 And David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away: and David rescued his two wives.

19 And there was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither spoil, nor any thing that they had taken to them: David recovered all.

20 And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drave before those other cattle, and said, This is David's spoil.

21 And David came to the two hundred men, which were so faint that they could not follow David, whom they had made also to abide at the brook Besor: and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him: and when David came near to the people, he saluted them.

22 Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial, of those that went with David, and said, Because they went not with us, we will not give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.

23 Then said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that which the Lord hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the company that came against us into our hand.

24 For who will hearken unto you in this matter? but as his part is that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff: they shall part alike.

25 And it was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel unto this day.

26 And when David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil unto the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, Behold a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of the Lord;

27 To them which were in Bethel, and to them which were in south Ramoth, and to them which were in Jattir,

28 And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa,

29 And to them which were in Rachal, and to them which were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, and to them which were in the cities of the Kenites,

30 And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Chorashan, and to them which were in Athach,

31 And to them which were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men were wont to haunt.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites.
When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The south - Namely, the southern part of Judah, and the adjacent parts.
McArther Bible Commentary
Ziklag. Serving as a temporary place of residence for David and his 600 men, Ziklag was located in the Negev and given to David by Achish, king of Gath (1Sa 27:6). David used it as the base from which he would make raids on the neighboring tribes (1Sa 27:8-11). Amalekites. Reaping the consequences of Saul's failure to utterly destroy the Amalekites (1 Sam. 15) and David's raids against them (1Sa 27:8), David and his men were the victims of a successful raid in which the Amalekites took all of their wives and livestock captive before burning Ziklag, their city.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 15:31 1 Samuel 15:7 1 Samuel 15:8 1 Samuel 27:6 1 Samuel 27:8 1 Samuel 29:4 1 Samuel 29:11 1 Samuel 30:14 2 Samuel 1:1 2 Samuel 1:8 2 Samuel 15:18 1 Chronicles 12:21 Jeremiah 41:12

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites.
When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 27:11 1 Samuel 30:3

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites.
When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 27:3 1 Samuel 30:2 1 Samuel 30:4

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites.
When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Wept - It is no disparagement to the boldest, bravest spirits, to lament the calamities of friends or relations.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 14:1 1 Samuel 11:4 1 Samuel 30:3

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites.
When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 25:42 1 Samuel 25:43 1 Samuel 27:3 2 Samuel 2:2

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites.
When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Stoning him - As the author of their miseries, by coming to Ziklag at first, by provoking the Amalekites to this cruelty, and by his forwardness in marching away with Achish, and leaving their wives and children unguarded. Encouraged himself - That is, in this that the all - wise, and all - powerful Lord, was his God by covenant and special promise, and fatherly affection, as he had shewed himself to be in the whole course of his providence towards him. It is the duty of all good men, whatever happens, to encourage themselves in the Lord their God, assuring themselves, that he both can and will bring light out of darkness.
McArther Bible Commentary
distressed … grieved. Arriving home to the reality of their great tragedy caused David immense distress and provoked the wickedness of his men to entertain the treasonous idea of stoning him. Having not inquired of the Lord before his departure to support Achish in battle, David desperately needed for God to get his attention. strengthened himself in the Lord his God. This was the key to David being a man after God's heart (cf. 1Sa 13:14; Act 13:22).
Bible Cross References
John 8:59 Romans 4:20 Exodus 17:4 1 Samuel 23:16 Psalm 18:2 Psalm 27:14 Psalm 31:24 Psalm 71:4 Psalm 71:5 Jonah 2:2

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The ephod - And put it upon thyself, that thou mayst enquire of God according to his ordinance, David was sensible of his former error in neglecting to ask counsel of God by the ephod, when he came to Achish, and when he went out with Achish to the Battle; and his necessity now brings him to his duty, and his duty meets with success.
McArther Bible Commentary
Abiathar brought the ephod. Serving as a source through which one could make direct and specific inquiry into the will of God, the high priest's ephod, which contained the Urim and Thummim, was sought by David. The distress of the moment drew his focus away from the treasonous thoughts of his men and back to God in his desperation to know what God would have him do.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 14:18 1 Samuel 22:20 1 Samuel 23:6 1 Samuel 23:9

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
He answered - Before, God answered more slowly and gradually, (1 Samuel 23:11-12) , but now he answers speedily, and fully at once, because the business required haste. So gracious is our God, that he considers even the degree of our necessities, and accommodates himself to them.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 14:16 Exodus 15:9 1 Samuel 23:2 1 Samuel 23:4 1 Samuel 30:18 1 Samuel 30:19 Psalm 50:15 Psalm 91:15

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
McArther Bible Commentary
Brook Besor. David, most likely, encountered the brook about thirteen miles south of Ziklag. It consisted of seasonal rivers from the area of Beersheba which ran northwest and emptied into the Mediterranean Sea. Likely, this was during the latter rains (January - April), and the brook was filled with a rampaging runoff that would account for the soldiers who were unable to cross over.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 27:2 1 Samuel 30:10 2 Samuel 2:3 2 Samuel 15:18

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Four hundred - A small number for such an attempt: but David was strong in faith, giving God the glory of his power and faithfulness.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 30:9 1 Samuel 30:11 1 Samuel 30:21

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 30:10 1 Samuel 30:12

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Three days and nights - One whole day and part of two others, as appears from the next verse, where he saith, three days ago I fell sick, but in the Hebrew it is, this is the third day since I fell sick.
Bible Cross References
Judges 15:19 1 Samuel 14:27 1 Samuel 30:11 1 Samuel 30:13 Lamentations 1:11

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Egypt - God by his providence so ordering it, that he was not one of that cursed race of the Amalekites, who were to be utterly destroyed, but an Egyptian, who might be spared. Left me - In this place and condition: which was barbarous inhumanity: for he ought, and easily might have carried him away with the prey which they had taken. But he paid dear for this cruelty, for this was the occasion of the ruin of him and all their company. And God by his secret providence ordered the matter thus for that very end. So that there is no fighting against God, who can make the smallest accidents serviceable to the production of the greatest effects.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 30:12 1 Samuel 30:14 2 Samuel 1:8 Jonah 1:8

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Cherethites - That is, the Philistines. Caleb - This is added by way of explication: that part of the south of Judah which belongs to Caleb's posterity.
McArther Bible Commentary
southern area of the Cherethites. Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites (2Sa 8:18), who are almost always mentioned together. They fled Jerusalem as allies with David (2Sa 15:8), and pursued Sheba the son of Bichri with Joab (2Sa 20:7). They were hand-picked by David to be present at Solomon's anointing as king. The Cherethites appear to have come from Crete, and to have been a part of the king's bodyguard (2Sa 23:20, 2Sa 23:23). southern area of Caleb. Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, was one of twelve spies chosen to check out the land, and one of only two spies who gave a favorable report (Num 13:6-30). This was the land assigned to his family (Jos 14:13-14).
Bible Cross References
Joshua 14:13 Joshua 15:13 Joshua 21:12 1 Samuel 25:3 1 Samuel 30:1 1 Samuel 30:13 1 Samuel 30:15 1 Samuel 30:16 2 Samuel 8:18 1 Kings 1:38 1 Kings 1:44 Ezekiel 25:16 Zephaniah 2:5

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David overtakes the Amalekites.
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, (2 Corinthians 12:9,10). A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Will bring thee - For his master had told him whither they intended to go, that he might come after them, as soon as he could.
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 23:15 1 Samuel 30:14 1 Samuel 30:16

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He recovers what had been lost.
Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Upon all the earth - Secure and careless, because they were now come almost to the borders of their own country, and the Philistines and Israelites both were otherwise engaged, and David, as they believed, with them. So they had no visible cause of danger; and yet then they were nearest to destruction.
McArther Bible Commentary
all the great spoil. The Amalekites had not only what they took from Ziklag, but much more plunder from all their raids. After David conquered the Amalekites (1Sa 30:17-18), he returned what belonged to Ziklag (1Sa 30:19, 1Sa 30:26) and spread the rest all over Judah (1Sa 30:26-31).
Bible Cross References
Luke 12:19 Luke 17:27 Joshua 22:8 1 Samuel 30:14 1 Samuel 30:15 Psalm 119:162 Isaiah 9:3

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He recovers what had been lost.
Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Twilight - The word signifies both the morning and evening twilight. But the latter seems here intended, partly because their eating, and drinking, and dancing, was more proper work for the evening, than the morning; and partly, because the evening was more convenient for David, that the fewness of his forces might not be discovered by the day - light. It is probable, that when he came near them, he reposed himself, and his army, in some secret place, whereof there were many parts, for a convenient season; and then marched on so as to come to them at the evening time.
McArther Bible Commentary
four hundred young men. It is obvious from Moses' encounter (Exo 17:8-16), Saul's failure (1 Sam. 15), and Mordecai's opposition (Est 3:1, Est 3:10-13) that the Amalekites were wicked people who hated God's people.
Bible Cross References
Judges 7:12 1 Samuel 11:11 1 Samuel 15:3 2 Samuel 1:1 2 Samuel 8:12 1 Chronicles 4:43 Jeremiah 41:15

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He recovers what had been lost.
Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 14:16 1 Samuel 30:8 Jeremiah 41:12

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He recovers what had been lost.
Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.
McArther Bible Commentary
nothing … was lacking. In spite of David's previous failures, God showed Himself to be more than gracious and abundant in His stewardship of the wives, children, livestock, and possessions of David and his men.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 30:8 1 Samuel 30:20

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He recovers what had been lost.
Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Other cattle - Before those that belonged to Ziklag. David's spoil - The soldiers, who lately were so incensed against David, that they spake of stoning him: now upon this success magnify him, and triumphantly celebrate his praise; and say concerning this spoil, David purchased it by his valour and conduct, and he may dispose of it as he pleaseth.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 30:26 1 Samuel 30:21

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Saluted them - He spoke kindly to them, and did not blame them because they went no further with them.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 30:10 1 Samuel 30:22

Verse 22

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
McArther Bible Commentary
worthless men. From the beginning of David's flight from Saul, he became captain of those who were in distress, discontent, and in debt (1Sa 22:2), the least likely to exercise kindness and grace to others. This same expression was used of the sons of Eli (1Sa 2:12), of those who doubted Saul's ability as king (1Sa 10:27), of Nabal the fool by his servant (1Sa 25:17), of Nabal the fool by his wife (1Sa 25:25), of David when he was cursed by Shimei (2Sa 16:7), of Sheba the son of Bichri who led a revolt against David (2Sa 20:1), and of those who would be thrust away like thorns by David (2Sa 23:6).
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 30:21 1 Samuel 30:23

Verse 23

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
My brethren - He useth his authority to over - rule them; but manageth it with all sweetness, tho' they were such wicked and unreasonable men, calling them brethren; not only as of the same nation and religion with him, but as his fellow - soldiers. What God hath freely imparted to us, we should not unkindly and injuriously withhold from our brethren.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 30:22 1 Samuel 30:24

Verse 24

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Part alike - A prudent and equitable constitution, and therefore practiced by the Romans, as Polybius and others note. The reason of it is manifest; because they were exposed to hazards, as well as their brethren: and were a reserve to whom they might retreat in case of a defeat; and they were now in actual service, and in the station in which their general had placed them.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 31:27 Joshua 22:8 1 Samuel 25:13 1 Samuel 30:23 1 Samuel 30:25 Psalm 68:12

Verse 25

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
McArther Bible Commentary
a statute and an ordinance. In spite of the opposition David received from the worthless men among him, he legislated his practice of kindness and equity into law for the people.
Bible Cross References
Exodus 27:21 1 Samuel 30:24 1 Samuel 30:26

Verse 26

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Elders of Judah - Partly in gratitude for their former favours to him: and partly, in policy, to engage their affections to him.
McArther Bible Commentary
Being no stranger to adversity and a life lived on the run, David realized the important role that so many others had played in his safety and welfare. Being the recipient of such kindness, David missed no opportunity to reciprocate kindness and generosity. It would be presumptuous to think that David was merely paying off debts or buying support; rather, he was giving back as he had received, expressing his debt of gratitude for the kindness and support shown him. See note on 1Sa 30:16.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 18:17 1 Samuel 25:27 1 Samuel 25:28 1 Samuel 30:20 1 Samuel 30:25

Verse 27

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 12:8 Joshua 7:2 Joshua 8:9 Joshua 15:48 Joshua 16:1 Joshua 19:8 Joshua 21:14

Verse 28

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 13:16 Joshua 15:50 1 Chronicles 11:44

Verse 29

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
Bible Cross References
Judges 1:16 1 Samuel 15:6 1 Samuel 27:10

Verse 30

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 14:45 Numbers 21:3 Joshua 12:14 Joshua 15:30 Joshua 15:42 Joshua 19:4 Joshua 19:7 Judges 1:17

Verse 31

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David's distribution of the spoil.
What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 13:22 Joshua 14:13 Joshua 21:11 1 Samuel 23:22 2 Samuel 2:1