1 And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he gathered of the house of Judah and Benjamin an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against Israel, that he might bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam.

2 But the word of the Lord came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying,

3 Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and to all Israel in Judah and Benjamin, saying,

4 Thus saith the Lord, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren: return every man to his house: for this thing is done of me. And they obeyed the words of the Lord, and returned from going against Jeroboam.

5 And Rehoboam dwelt in Jerusalem, and built cities for defence in Judah.

6 He built even Bethlehem, and Etam, and Tekoa,

7 And Bethzur, and Shoco, and Adullam,

8 And Gath, and Mareshah, and Ziph,

9 And Adoraim, and Lachish, and Azekah,

10 And Zorah, and Aijalon, and Hebron, which are in Judah and in Benjamin fenced cities.

11 And he fortified the strong holds, and put captains in them, and store of victual, and of oil and wine.

12 And in every several city he put shields and spears, and made them exceeding strong, having Judah and Benjamin on his side.

13 And the priests and the Levites that were in all Israel resorted to him out of all their coasts.

14 For the Levites left their suburbs and their possession, and came to Judah and Jerusalem: for Jeroboam and his sons had cast them off from executing the priest's office unto the Lord:

15 And he ordained him priests for the high places, and for the devils, and for the calves which he had made.

16 And after them out of all the tribes of Israel such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel came to Jerusalem, to sacrifice unto the Lord God of their fathers.

17 So they strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and made Rehoboam the son of Solomon strong, three years: for three years they walked in the way of David and Solomon.

18 And Rehoboam took him Mahalath the daughter of Jerimoth the son of David to wife, and Abihail the daughter of Eliab the son of Jesse;

19 Which bare him children; Jeush, and Shamariah, and Zaham.

20 And after her he took Maachah the daughter of Absalom; which bare him Abijah, and Attai, and Ziza, and Shelomith.

21 And Rehoboam loved Maachah the daughter of Absalom above all his wives and his concubines: (for he took eighteen wives, and threescore concubines; and begat twenty and eight sons, and threescore daughters.)

22 And Rehoboam made Abijah the son of Maachah the chief, to be ruler among his brethren: for he thought to make him king.

23 And he dealt wisely, and dispersed of all his children throughout all the countries of Judah and Benjamin, unto every fenced city: and he gave them victual in abundance. And he desired many wives.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 14:24 1 Kings 12:21

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 12:22 2 Chronicles 11:3 2 Chronicles 12:5 2 Chronicles 12:15

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Son of Solomon - Intimating, that this was determined for the sin of Solomon, and therefore could not be reversed.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 11:2 2 Chronicles 11:4

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 10:15 2 Chronicles 11:3 2 Chronicles 28:8

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Built - Repaired, enlarged, and fortified them. They were built before.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 8:2 2 Chronicles 11:6 2 Chronicles 11:23 2 Chronicles 12:4 2 Chronicles 14:6 2 Chronicles 17:2 2 Chronicles 21:3 2 Chronicles 27:4 Jeremiah 34:7

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
McArther Bible Commentary
built. This is to be understood as built further/strengthened/fortified (cf. 2Ch 11:11-12).
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 14:2 2 Chronicles 11:5 2 Chronicles 11:7

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 15:58 2 Chronicles 11:6 2 Chronicles 11:8

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 23:14 2 Chronicles 11:7 2 Chronicles 11:9 2 Chronicles 14:9

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 11:8 2 Chronicles 11:10 Jeremiah 34:7

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 10:12 Joshua 10:36 2 Chronicles 11:9 2 Chronicles 11:11

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 11:10 2 Chronicles 11:12 Ezekiel 37:16

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Rehoboam forbidden to war against Israel.
A few good words might have prevented the rebellion of Rehoboam's subjects; but all the force of his kingdom cannot bring them back. And it is in vain to contend with the purpose of God, when it is made known to us. Even those who are destitute of true faith, will at times pay some regard to the word of God, and be kept by it from wrong actions, to which they are prone by nature.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 11:11 2 Chronicles 11:13

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
McArther Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites from all the ten northern tribes were rejected by Israel's king, Jeroboam (c. 931-910 B.C.), who saw them as a threat because of their loyalty to Jerusalem and the temple. He appointed his own idolatrous priests, and all true priests moved south and found refuge in Judah with Rehoboam.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 11:12 2 Chronicles 11:14 2 Chronicles 23:2

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Cast them off - They would not suffer them to instruct the Israelites in the worship of God, nor to go up to Jerusalem to worship in their courses: and these priests would not join with them in the worship of the calves, as they were commanded to do; and therefore they, willingly forsook all their patrimonies and possessions for God's sake. No secular advantages whatsoever should detain us there, where we are in danger of making shipwreck of faith and a good conscience.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 35:2 1 Kings 12:28 2 Chronicles 11:13 2 Chronicles 13:9

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
High places - Or, for the high places, both for the devils (the Baals, or false gods, which divers of his people worshipped, whom he encouraged to do so, giving them liberty to do anything but to serve God at Jerusalem) and for the calves. So he erected two sorts of high places, some for Baal, and some for the true God, whom be pretended to worship, in and by the calves.
McArther Bible Commentary
he appointed. This is in reference to Jeroboam (cf. 1Ki 12:25-33), who established idolatry in the north. Demons is another term for idols (cf. Lev 17:7).
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 17:7 1 Kings 12:31 1 Kings 13:33 1 Kings 14:9 2 Chronicles 13:8 2 Chronicles 13:9

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Set their heart - Such as loved and feared God in truth.
McArther Bible Commentary
God's blessing rested on Rehoboam for three years because the people's commitment to the ways of God was patterned after David and Solomon.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 15:9 2 Chronicles 11:17

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
So they strengthened the kingdom of Judah - Not only by the addition of so many persons to it: but by their piety and prayers they procured a blessing upon the kingdom which was a sanctuary to them. They made him strong three years; for so long he served God; but when he forsook God, none could strengthen him. We retain our strength as long as we cleave to God and our duty, and no longer. And Solomon - This honourable mention of Solomon, as a pattern of piety, is a considerable evidence of his true repentance before his death.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 12:1 2 Chronicles 11:18

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
McArther Bible Commentary
A summary of Rehoboam's life is given with special emphasis on succession to the throne. This is not a commendation of polygamy or concubinage, which violated God's law for marriage (cf. Gen 2:24-25) and resulted in severe trouble and disaffection toward God. Never is polygamy commended in Scripture; its tragic results are usually recorded.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 16:6 2 Chronicles 11:19

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 11:18 2 Chronicles 11:20

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 15:2 2 Chronicles 11:19 2 Chronicles 12:16 2 Chronicles 13:2

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
McArther Bible Commentary
The chronicler did not include the similar summary of Solomon's wives (cf. 1Ki 11:3); but clearly Rehoboam learned this disastrous marital style from his father, Solomon. Even David was a polygamist. Polygamy was often practiced by the kings to secure alliances with nearby nations.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 22:24 Deuteronomy 17:17 1 Kings 15:2

Verse 22

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Ruler - He declared him his successor, and gave him the dominion over, his brethren.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 22:24 Deuteronomy 21:15 2 Chronicles 11:23

Verse 23

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The priests and Levites find refuge in Judah.
When the priests and Levites came to Jerusalem, the devout, pious Israelites followed them. Such as set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel, left the inheritance of their fathers, and went to Jerusalem, that they might have free access to the altar of God, and be out of the temptation to worship the calves. That is best for us, which is best for our souls; in all our choices, religious advantages must be sought before all outward conveniences. Where God's faithful priests are, his faithful people should be. And when it has been proved that we are willing to renounce our worldly interests, so far as we are called to do so for the sake of Christ and his gospel, we have good evidence that we are truly his disciples. And it is the interest of a nation to protect religion and religious people.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Dispersed - Lest his other sons should after his death unite together against Abijah, he wisely dispersed them into distant places.
Bible Cross References
2 Chronicles 11:5 2 Chronicles 11:22 2 Chronicles 12:1