1 Now I Paul myself beseech you by the meekness and gentleness of Christ, who in presence am base among you, but being absent am bold toward you:

2 But I beseech you, that I may not be bold when I am present with that confidence, wherewith I think to be bold against some, which think of us as if we walked according to the flesh.

3 For though we walk in the flesh, we do not war after the flesh:

4 (For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds;)

5 Casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ;

6 And having in a readiness to revenge all disobedience, when your obedience is fulfilled.

7 Do ye look on things after the outward appearance? if any man trust to himself that he is Christ's, let him of himself think this again, that, as he is Christ's, even so are we Christ's.

8 For though I should boast somewhat more of our authority, which the Lord hath given us for edification, and not for your destruction, I should not be ashamed:

9 That I may not seem as if I would terrify you by letters.

10 For his letters, say they, are weighty and powerful; but his bodily presence is weak, and his speech contemptible.

11 Let such an one think this, that, such as we are in word by letters when we are absent, such will we be also in deed when we are present.

12 For we dare not make ourselves of the number, or compare ourselves with some that commend themselves: but they measuring themselves by themselves, and comparing themselves among themselves, are not wise.

13 But we will not boast of things without our measure, but according to the measure of the rule which God hath distributed to us, a measure to reach even unto you.

14 For we stretch not ourselves beyond our measure, as though we reached not unto you: for we are come as far as to you also in preaching the gospel of Christ:

15 Not boasting of things without our measure, that is, of other men's labours; but having hope, when your faith is increased, that we shall be enlarged by you according to our rule abundantly,

16 To preach the gospel in the regions beyond you, and not to boast in another man's line of things made ready to our hand.

17 But he that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.

18 For not he that commendeth himself is approved, but whom the Lord commendeth.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle states his authority with meekness and humility.
While others thought meanly, and spake scornfully of the apostle, he had low thoughts, and spake humbly of himself. We should be aware of our own infirmities, and think humbly of ourselves, even when men reproach us. The work of the ministry is a spiritual warfare with spiritual enemies, and for spiritual purposes. Outward force is not the method of the gospel, but strong persuasions, by the power of truth and the meekness of wisdom. Conscience is accountable to God only; and people must be persuaded to God and their duty, not driven by force. Thus the weapons of our warfare are very powerful; the evidence of truth is convincing. What opposition is made against the gospel, by the powers of sin and Satan in the hearts of men! But observe the conquest the word of God gains. The appointed means, however feeble they appear to some, will be mighty through God. And the preaching of the cross, by men of faith and prayer, has always been fatal to idolatry, impiety, and wickedness.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
. See EGW on Acts 18:1-3.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Now I Paul myself - - A strongly emphatical expression. Who when present am base among you - So, probably, some of the false teachers affirmed. Copying after the meekness and gentleness of Christ, entreat - Though I might command you.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Having finished his exhortation, he now proceeds partly to refute the calumnies with which he had been defamed by the false apostles, and partly to repress the insolence of certain wicked persons, who could not bear to be under restraint. Both parties, with the view of destroying Paul’s authority, construed the vehemence with which he thundered in his Epistles to beθρασοδειλίαν — (mere bravado,)because when present he was not equally prepared to show himself off in respect of appearance, and address, but was mean and contemptible. “See,” said they, “here is a man, that, under a consciousness of his inferiority, is so very modest and timid, but now, when at a distance, makes a fierce attack! Why is he less bold in speech than in letters? Willhe terrify us, when he is at a distance, who, when present, is the object of contempt? How comes he to have such confidence as to imagine, that he is at liberty to do anything with us?”They put speeches of this kind into circulation, with the view of disparaging his strictness, and even rendering it odious. Paul replies, that he is notbold except in so far as he is constrained by necessity, and that the meanness of his bodily presence, for which he was held in contempt, detracted nothing from his authority, inasmuch as he was distinguished by spiritual excellence, not by carnal show. Hence those would not pass with impunity, who derided either his exhortations, or his reproaches, or his threatenings. The wordsI myselfare emphatic; as though he had said, that however the malevolent might blame him for inconstancy, he was in reality not changeable, but remained uniformly the same.I exhort you.The speech is abrupt, as is frequently the case with speeches uttered under the influence of strong feeling. The meaning is this: “I beseech you, nay more, I earnestly entreat you by thegentleness of Christ, not to compel me, through your obstinacy, to be more severe than I would desire to be, and than I will be, towards those who despise me, on the ground of my having nothing excellent in external appearance, and do not recognize that spiritual excellence, with which the Lord has distinguished me, and by which I ought rather to be judged of.”The form of entreaty, which he makes use of, is taken from the subject in hand, when he says — by the meekness and gentleness of ChristCalumniators took occasion to find fault with him, because his bodily presence was deficient in dignity,and because, on the other hand, when at a distance, he thundered forth in his Epistles. Both calumnies he befittingly refutes, as has been said, but he declares here, that nothing delights him more thangentleness, which becomes a minister of Christ, and of which the Master himself furnished an example.Learn of me, says he, for I am meek and lowly. My yoke is easy and my burden is light. (Matthew 11:29, 30.)The Prophet also says of him,His voice will not be heard in the streets: a bruised reed he shall not break, etc. (Isaiah 42:2, 3.)That gentleness, therefore, which Christ showed, he requires also from his servants. Paul, in making mention of it, intimates that he is no stranger to it. “I earnestly beseech you not to despise thatgentleness,which Christ showed us in his own person, and shows us every day in his servants, nay more, which ye see in me.”Who in presenceHe repeats this, as if in the person of his adversaries, by way of imitating them.Now he confesses, so far as words go, what they upbraided him with, yet, as we shall see, in such a way as to concede nothing to them in reality.
McArther Bible Commentary
The abrupt change in tone from chapters 1-9 has prompted various explanations of the relationship between chapters 10-13 and 1-9. Some argue that chapters 10-13 were originally part of the "severe letter" (2Co 2:4), and hence belong chronologically before chapters 1-9. Chapters 10-13 cannot, however, have been written before chapters 1-9, since they refer to Titus's visit as a past event (2Co 12:18; cf. 2Co 8:6). Further, the offender whose defiance of Paul prompted the "severe letter"(2Co 2:5-8) is nowhere mentioned in chapters 10-13. Others agree that chapters 10-13 belong after chapters 1-9, but believe they form a separate letter. They assume that Paul, after sending chapters 1-9 to the Corinthians, received reports of new trouble at Corinth and wrote chapters 10-13 in response. A variation of this view is that Paul paused in his writing of 2 Corinthians after chapters 1-9, then heard bad news from Corinth before he resumed writing chapters 10-13. This view preserves the unity of 2 Corinthians; however, Paul does not mention anywhere in chapters 10-13 that he received any fresh news from Corinth. The best interpretation views 2 Corinthians as a unified letter, with chapters 1-9 addressed to the repentant majority (cf. 2Co 2:6) and chapters 10-13 to the minority still influenced by the false teachers. The support for this view is that: (1) there is no historical evidence (from Greek manuscripts, the writings of the church Fathers, or early translations) that chapters 10-13 ever circulated as a separate letter; all Greek manuscripts have them following chapters 1-9; (2) the differences in tone between chapters 10-13 and 1-9 have been exaggerated (cf. 2Co 11:11; 2Co 12:14 with 2Co 6:11; 2Co 7:2); and (3) chapters 10-13 form the logical conclusion to chapters 1-9, as Paul prepared the Corinthians for his promised visit (2Co 1:15-16; 2Co 2:1-3).
Bible Cross References
Matthew 11:29 Romans 12:1 1 Corinthians 2:3 1 Corinthians 4:21 2 Corinthians 10:10 2 Corinthians 13:3 Galatians 5:2 Ephesians 3:1 Philippians 4:5 Colossians 1:23 Philemon 1:19

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle states his authority with meekness and humility.
While others thought meanly, and spake scornfully of the apostle, he had low thoughts, and spake humbly of himself. We should be aware of our own infirmities, and think humbly of ourselves, even when men reproach us. The work of the ministry is a spiritual warfare with spiritual enemies, and for spiritual purposes. Outward force is not the method of the gospel, but strong persuasions, by the power of truth and the meekness of wisdom. Conscience is accountable to God only; and people must be persuaded to God and their duty, not driven by force. Thus the weapons of our warfare are very powerful; the evidence of truth is convincing. What opposition is made against the gospel, by the powers of sin and Satan in the hearts of men! But observe the conquest the word of God gains. The appointed means, however feeble they appear to some, will be mighty through God. And the preaching of the cross, by men of faith and prayer, has always been fatal to idolatry, impiety, and wickedness.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Do not constrain me when present to be bold - To exert my apostolical authority. Who think of us as walking after the flesh - As acting in a cowardly or crafty manner.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
I beseech you, that I may not be bold, when I am present.Some think, that the discourse is incomplete, and that he does not express the matter of his request.I am rather of opinion, however, that what was wanting in the former clause is here completed, so that it is a general exhortation. “Show yourselves docile and tractable towards me, that I may not be constrained to be more severe.” It is the duty of a good pastor to allure his sheep peacefully and kindly, that they may allow themselves to be governed, rather than to constrain them by violence. Severity, it is true, is, I acknowledge, sometimes necessary, but we must always set out withgentleness, and persevere in it, so long as the hearer shews himself tractable.Severity must be the last resource. “We must,” says he, “try all methods, before having recourse to rigor; nay more, let us never be rigorous, unless we are constrained to it.” In the mean time, as to their reckoning themselves pusillanimous and timid, when he had to come to close quarters, he intimates that they were mistaken as to this, when he declares that he will stoutly resist face to face the contumacious“They despise me,” says he, “as if I were a pusillanimous person, but they will find that I am braver and more courageous than they could have wished, when they come to contend in good earnest.” From this we see,when it is time to act with severity — after we have found, on trial being made, that allurements and mildness have no good effect. “I shall do it with reluctance,” says Paul, “but still I have determined to do it.” Here is an admirable medium; for as we must, in so far as is in our power,draw men rather thandrive them, so, when mildness has no effect, in dealing with those that are stern and refractory, rigor must of necessity be resorted to: otherwise it will not be moderation, nor equableness of temper, but criminal cowardice.Who account of us.Erasmus renders it — “Those who think that we walk, as it were, according to the flesh.” The Old Interpreter came nearer, in my opinion, to Paul’s true meaning — “Qui nos arbitrantur, tanquam secundum carnem ambulemus;” — (“Those who think of us as though we walked according to the flesh;”) though, at the same time, the phrase is not exactly in accordance with the Latin idiom, nor does it altogether bring out the Apostle’s full meaning. Forλογιζεσθαι is taken here to mean —reckoning oresteeming.“They think of us,” says Paul, “or they take this view of us, as though we walked according to the flesh.”To walk according to the flesh,Chrysostom explains to mean — acting unfaithfully, or conducting one’s self improperly in his office;and, certainly, it is taken in this sense in various instances in Paul’s writings. The termflesh, however, I rather understand to mean — outward pomp or show, by which alone the false Apostles are accustomed to recommend themselves. Paul, therefore, complains of the unreasonableness of those who looked for nothing in him except theflesh, that is, visible appearance, as they speak, or in the usual manner of persons who devote all their efforts to ambition. For as Paul did not by any means excel in such endowments, as ordinarily procure praise or reputation among thechildren of this world, (Luke 16:8,) he was despised as though he had been one of the common herd. But by whom?Certainly, by the ambitious, who estimated him from mere appearance, while they paid no regard to what lay concealed within.
McArther Bible Commentary
Paul was quite capable of bold, fearless confrontation (cf. Gal 2:11). But seeking to spare the Corinthians (cf. 2Co 1:23), the apostle begged the rebellious minority not to force him to display his boldness by confronting them-something he would do, he warned, if necessary.
Bible Cross References
Romans 8:4 1 Corinthians 4:18 1 Corinthians 4:21 2 Corinthians 1:17 2 Corinthians 11:21 2 Corinthians 13:2 2 Corinthians 13:10

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle states his authority with meekness and humility.
While others thought meanly, and spake scornfully of the apostle, he had low thoughts, and spake humbly of himself. We should be aware of our own infirmities, and think humbly of ourselves, even when men reproach us. The work of the ministry is a spiritual warfare with spiritual enemies, and for spiritual purposes. Outward force is not the method of the gospel, but strong persuasions, by the power of truth and the meekness of wisdom. Conscience is accountable to God only; and people must be persuaded to God and their duty, not driven by force. Thus the weapons of our warfare are very powerful; the evidence of truth is convincing. What opposition is made against the gospel, by the powers of sin and Satan in the hearts of men! But observe the conquest the word of God gains. The appointed means, however feeble they appear to some, will be mighty through God. And the preaching of the cross, by men of faith and prayer, has always been fatal to idolatry, impiety, and wickedness.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Though we walk in the flesh - In mortal bodies, and, consequently, are not free from human weakness. Yet we do not war - Against the world and the devil. After the flesh - By any carnal or worldly methods. Though the apostle here, and in several other parts of this epistle, speaks in the plural number, for the sake of modesty and decency, yet he principally means himself. On him were these reflections thrown, and it is his own authority which he is vindicating.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For though we walk in the flesh. Walking in the flesh means here —living it the world;or, as he expresses it elsewhere,being at home in the body. (2 Corinthians 5:6.)For he was shut up in the prison of his body. This, however, did not prevent the influence of the Holy Spirit from showing itself marvelously in his weakness. There is here again a kind of concession, which, at the same time, is of no service to his adversaries. Those war according to the flesh, who attempt nothing but in dependence upon worldly resources, in which alone, too, they glory. They have not their confidence placed in the government and guidance of the Holy Spirit. Paul declares that he is not one of this class, inasmuch as he is furnished with other weapons than those of the flesh and the world. Now, what he affirms respecting himself is applicable, also, to all true ministers of Christ.For theycarry an inestimable treasure in earthen vessels,as he had previously said. (2 Corinthians 4:7.) Hence, however they may be surrounded with the infirmities of the flesh, the spiritual power of God, nevertheless, shines forth resplendently in them.
McArther Bible Commentary
walk in the flesh. Paul's opponents at Corinth had wrongly accused him of walking in the flesh in a moral sense (cf. Rom 8:4). Playing off that, Paul affirmed that he did walk in the flesh in a physical sense; though possessing the power and authority of an apostle of Jesus Christ, he was a real human being (cf. 2Co 4:7, 2Co 4:16; 2Co 5:1). war according to the flesh. Although a man, Paul did not fight the spiritual battle for men's souls using human ingenuity, worldly wisdom, or clever methodologies (cf. 1Co 1:17-25; 1Co 2:1-4). Such impotent weapons are powerless to free souls from the forces of darkness and bring them to maturity in Christ. They cannot successfully oppose satanic assaults on the gospel, such as those made by the false apostles at Corinth.
Bible Cross References
Romans 7:5 Romans 8:4 2 Corinthians 1:17

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle states his authority with meekness and humility.
While others thought meanly, and spake scornfully of the apostle, he had low thoughts, and spake humbly of himself. We should be aware of our own infirmities, and think humbly of ourselves, even when men reproach us. The work of the ministry is a spiritual warfare with spiritual enemies, and for spiritual purposes. Outward force is not the method of the gospel, but strong persuasions, by the power of truth and the meekness of wisdom. Conscience is accountable to God only; and people must be persuaded to God and their duty, not driven by force. Thus the weapons of our warfare are very powerful; the evidence of truth is convincing. What opposition is made against the gospel, by the powers of sin and Satan in the hearts of men! But observe the conquest the word of God gains. The appointed means, however feeble they appear to some, will be mighty through God. And the preaching of the cross, by men of faith and prayer, has always been fatal to idolatry, impiety, and wickedness.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
. See EGW on 1 Corinthians 3:9.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
For the weapons of our warfare - Those we use in this war. Are not carnal - But spiritual, and therefore mighty to the throwing down of strong holds - Of all the difficulties which men or devils can raise in our way. Though faith and prayer belong also to the Christian armour, (Ephesians 6:15) , &c., yet the word of God seems to be here chiefly intended.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For the weapons of our warfare.The warfare corresponds with the kind of weapons. He glories in being furnished withspiritual weapons. The warfare, accordingly, isspiritual. Hence it follows by way of contraries,that it isnot according to the fleshIn comparing the ministry of the gospel to awarfare,he uses a most apt similitude. The life of a Christian, it is true, is a perpetual warfare, for whoever gives himself to the service of God will have no truce from Satan at any time, but will be harassed with incessant disquietude. It becomes, however, ministers of the word and pastors to be standard-bearers, going before the others; and, certainly, there are none that Satan harasses more, that are more severely assaulted, or that sustain more numerous or more dreadful onsets. That man, therefore, is mistaken, who girds himself for the discharge of this office, and is not at the same time furnished with courage and bravery for contending; for he is not exercised otherwise than in fighting. For we must take this into account, that the gospel is like a fire, by which the fury of Satan is en-kindled. Hence it cannot but be that he will arm himself for a contest, whenever he sees that it is advanced.But by what weapons is he to be repelled? It is only by spiritual weapons that he can be repelled. Whoever, therefore, is unarmed with the influence of the Holy Spirit, however he may boast that he is a minister of Christ, will nevertheless, not prove himself to be such. At the same time, if you would have a full enumeration of spiritual weapons, doctrine must be conjoined with zeal, and a good conscience with the efficacy of the Spirit, and with other necessary graces. Let now the Pope go, and assume to himself the apostolic dignity What could be more ridiculous, if our judgment is to be formed in accordance with the rule here laid down by Paul!Mighty through God.Eitheraccording to God, orfrom God. I am of opinion, that there is here an implied antithesis, so that thisstrength is placed in contrast with theweakness which appears outwardly before the world, and thus, paying no regard to the judgments of men, he would seek from God approbation of his fortitude.At the same time, theantithesis will hold good in another sense — that the power of his arms depends upon God, not upon the world.In the demolishing of fortresses.He makes use of the termfortresses to denote contrivances, and every high thing that is exalted against God,as to which we shall find him speaking afterwards. It is, however, with propriety and expressiveness that he so designates them; for his design is to boast, that there is nothing in the world so strongly fortified as to be beyond his power to overthrow. I am well aware how carnal men glory in their empty shows, and how disdainfully and recklessly they despise me, as though there were nothing in me but what is mean and base, while they, in the mean time, were standing on a lofty eminence. But their confidence is foolish, for that armor of the Lord, with which I fight, will prevail in opposition to all the bulwarks, in reliance upon which they believe themselves to be invincible. Now, as the world is accustomed to fortify itself in a twofold respect for waging war with Christ — on the one hand, by cunning, by wicked artifices, by subtilty, and other secret machinations; and, on the other hand, by cruelty and oppression, he touches upon both these methods. For bycontrivances he means, whatever pertains to carnal wisdom.The term high thingdenotes any kind of glory and power in this world. There is no reason, therefore, why a servant of Christ should dread anything, however formidable, that may stand up in opposition to his doctrine. Let him, in spite of it, persevere, and he will scatter to the winds every machination of whatever sort. Nay more, the kingdom of Christ cannot be set up or established, otherwise than by throwing down everything in the world that is exalted. For nothing is more opposed to the spiritual wisdom of God than the wisdom of the flesh; nothing is more at variance with the grace of God than man’s natural ability, and so as to other things. Hence the only foundation of Christ’s kingdom is the abasement of men. And to this effect are those expressions in the Prophets:The moon shall be ashamed, and the sun shall be confounded, when the Lord shall begin to reign in that day; (Isaiah 24:23.)Again,The loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the high looks of mortals shall be abased, and the Lord alone shall be exalted in that day.(Isaiah 5:15, andIsaiah 2:17)Because, in order that God alone may shine forth, it is necessary that the glory of the world should vanish away.
McArther Bible Commentary
our warfare. The motif of the Christian life as warfare is a common one in the NT (cf. 2Co 6:7; Eph 6:10-18; 1Ti 1:18; 2Ti 2:3-4; 2Co 4:7). carnal. Human. See note on verse 2Co 10:3. strongholds. The metaphor would have been readily understandable to the Corinthians since Corinth, like most ancient cities, had a fortress (on top of a hill south of the city) in which its residents could take refuge. The formidable spiritual strongholds manned by the forces of hell can be demolished only by spiritual weapons wielded by godly believers-singularly the "sword of the Spirit" (Eph 6:17), since only the truth of God's Word can defeat satanic falsehoods. This is the true spiritual warfare. Believers are not instructed in the NT to assault demons or Satan (see notes on Jud 1:9), but to assault error with the truth. That is the battle (cf. Joh 17:17; Heb 4:12).
Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 1:10 Jeremiah 23:29 Romans 13:12 1 Corinthians 9:7 2 Corinthians 6:7 2 Corinthians 10:8 2 Corinthians 13:3 2 Corinthians 13:10 1 Timothy 1:18

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle states his authority with meekness and humility.
While others thought meanly, and spake scornfully of the apostle, he had low thoughts, and spake humbly of himself. We should be aware of our own infirmities, and think humbly of ourselves, even when men reproach us. The work of the ministry is a spiritual warfare with spiritual enemies, and for spiritual purposes. Outward force is not the method of the gospel, but strong persuasions, by the power of truth and the meekness of wisdom. Conscience is accountable to God only; and people must be persuaded to God and their duty, not driven by force. Thus the weapons of our warfare are very powerful; the evidence of truth is convincing. What opposition is made against the gospel, by the powers of sin and Satan in the hearts of men! But observe the conquest the word of God gains. The appointed means, however feeble they appear to some, will be mighty through God. And the preaching of the cross, by men of faith and prayer, has always been fatal to idolatry, impiety, and wickedness.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
(Colossians 3:10). Every Faculty to Reflect the Divine Mind
—It was a wonderful thing for God to create man, to make mind. The glory of God is to be revealed in the creation of man in God's image and in his redemption. One soul is of more value than a world. God created man that every faculty might be the faculty of the divine mind. The Lord Jesus Christ is the author of our being, and He is also the author of our redemption, and everyone who will enter the kingdom of God will develop a character that is the counterpart of the character of God. None can dwell with God in the holy heaven but those who bear His likeness. Those who are to be redeemed are to be overcomers; they are to be elevated, pure, one with Christ (Letter 55, 1895).God the Author of Every Noble Thought—Will men and women consider how God regards the creatures He has made? He formed man's mind. We do not think one noble thought that does not come from Him. He knows all the mysterious workings of the human mind, for did He not make it? God sees that sin has debased and degraded man, but He looks upon him with pity and compassion; for He sees that Satan has him in his power (Manuscript 56, 1899).The Power of Intellect—Intellect ennobled, purified, heaven directed, is the universal power to build up the kingdom of God. Intellect perverted, has exactly the opposite influence; it is a corrupting of the human power given in trust to be multiplied in earnest labor for good. It deceives and destroys. God has given sufficient endowments to make men capable and wise to carry forward, and strongly and graciously to represent, the Lord's wonderful works to all those who love Him and obey His commandments (Manuscript 63, 1900).Yielded to Whom?—Satan cannot touch the mind or intellect unless we yield it to him (Manuscript 17, 1893).The devil will use your mind if you give it to him (Manuscript 2, 1893).
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Destroying all vain reasonings, and every high thing which exalteth itself - As a wall or rampart. Against the knowledge of God, and bringing every thought - Or, rather, faculty of the mind. Into captivity to the obedience of Christ - Those evil reasonings are destroyed. The mind itself, being overcome and taken captive, lays down all authority of its own, and entirely gives itself up to perform, for the time to come, to Christ its conqueror the obedience of faith.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
And bring into captivityI am of opinion, that, having previously spoken more particularly of the conflict of spiritual armor, along with the hinderances that rise up in opposition to the gospel of Christ, he now, on the other hand, speaks of the ordinary preparation, by which men must be brought into subjection to him. For so long as we rest in our own judgment, and are wise in our own estimation, we are far from having made any approach to the doctrine of Christ. Hence we must set out with this, thathe who is wise must become a fool, (1 Corinthians 3:18,)that is, we must give up our own understanding, and renounce the wisdom of the flesh, and thus we must present our minds to Christ empty that he may fill them. Now the form of expression must be observed, when he says, that he brings every thought into captivity, for it is as though he had said, that the liberty of the human mind must be restrained and bridled, that it may not be wise, apart from the doctrine of Christ; and farther, that its audacity cannot be restrained by any other means, than by its being carried away, as it were,captive. Now it is by the guidance of the Spirit, that it is brought to allow itself to be placed under control, and remain in a voluntary captivity.
McArther Bible Commentary
arguments. Thoughts, ideas, speculations, reasonings, philosophies, and false religions are the ideological forts in which people barricade themselves against God and the gospel (cf. 1Co 3:20). every thought into captivity. This emphasizes the total destruction of the fortresses of human and satanic wisdom and the rescuing of those inside from the damning lies that had enslaved them.
Bible Cross References
Isaiah 2:11 Jeremiah 23:29 2 Corinthians 9:13 2 Corinthians 11:20 Philippians 4:7

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle states his authority with meekness and humility.
While others thought meanly, and spake scornfully of the apostle, he had low thoughts, and spake humbly of himself. We should be aware of our own infirmities, and think humbly of ourselves, even when men reproach us. The work of the ministry is a spiritual warfare with spiritual enemies, and for spiritual purposes. Outward force is not the method of the gospel, but strong persuasions, by the power of truth and the meekness of wisdom. Conscience is accountable to God only; and people must be persuaded to God and their duty, not driven by force. Thus the weapons of our warfare are very powerful; the evidence of truth is convincing. What opposition is made against the gospel, by the powers of sin and Satan in the hearts of men! But observe the conquest the word of God gains. The appointed means, however feeble they appear to some, will be mighty through God. And the preaching of the cross, by men of faith and prayer, has always been fatal to idolatry, impiety, and wickedness.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Being in readiness to avenge all disobedience - Not only by spiritual censure, but miraculous punishments. When your obedience is fulfilled - When the sound part of you have given proof of your obedience, so that I am in no danger of punishing the innocent with the guilty.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
And are in readiness to avenge.This he adds, lest insolent men should presumptuously lift themselves up in opposition to his ministry, as if they could do so with impunity. Hence he says, that power had been given him — not merely for constraining voluntary disciples to subjection to Christ, but also for inflictingvengeance upon the rebellious,and that his threats were not empty bugbears,but had the execution quite in readiness — to use the customary expression. Now this vengeance is founded on Christ’s word —whatsoever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound also in heaven. (Matthew 18:18.)For although God does not thunder forth immediately on the minister’s pronouncing the sentence, yet the decision is ratified, and will be accomplished in its own time. Let it, however, be always understood, that it is when the minister fights with spiritual armor. Some understand it as referring to bodily punishments, by means of which the Apostles inflicted vengeance upon contumacious and impious persons; as for example, Peter struck Ananias and Sapphira dead, and Paul struck Elymas the sorcerer blind. (Acts 5:1-10, andActs 13:6-11.) But the other meaning suits better, for the Apostles did not make use of that power invariably or indiscriminately. Paul, however, speaks in general terms that he hasvengeance ready at hand against all the disobedient.When your obedience shall be fulfilledHow prudently he guards against alienating any by excessive severity! For as he had threatened to inflict punishment upon the rebellious, that he may not seem to provoke them, he declares that another duty had been enjoined upon him with regard to them — simply that of making them obedient to Christ. And, unquestionably, this is the proper intention of the gospel, as he teaches both in the commencement and in the close of the Epistle to the Romans. (Romans 1:5, andRomans 16:26.) Hence all Christian teachers ought carefully to observe this order, that they should first endeavor with gentleness to bring their hearers to obedience, so as to invite them kindly before proceeding to inflict punishment upon rebellion.Hence, too, Christhas given the commandment as toloosing before that ofbinding.
McArther Bible Commentary
Paul would not stand idly by while enemies of the faith assaulted a church under his care. He was ready to purge them (as he did at Ephesus; 1Ti 1:19-20) as soon as the Corinthian church was complete in its obedience. When that happened, the lines would be clearly drawn between the repentant, obedient majority and the recalcitrant, disobedient minority.
Bible Cross References
Romans 2:23 2 Corinthians 2:9

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Reasons with the Corinthians.
In outward appearance, Paul was mean and despised in the eyes of some, but this was a false rule to judge by. We must not think that none outward appearance, as if the want of such things proved a man not to be a real Christian, or an able, faithful minister of the lowly Saviour.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
. See EGW on Acts 18:1-3.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Do ye look at the outward appearance of things - Does any of you judge of a minister of Christ by his person, or any outward circumstance? Let him again think this of himself - Let him learn it from his own reflection, before I convince him by a severer method.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
That are according to appearance.In the first place, the clauseaccording to appearance, may be taken in two ways: either as meaning the reality itself, visible and manifest, or an outward mask,that deceives us. The sentence, too, may be read either interrogatively or affirmatively: nay more, the verbβλέπετε may be taken either in the imperative mood, or in the subjunctive. I am rather of opinion, however, that it is expressive of chiding, and that the Corinthians are reaproved, because they suffered their eyes to be dazzled with empty show. “You greatly esteem others who swell out with mighty airs of importance, while you look down upon me, because I have nothing of show and boasting.” For Christ himself contrasts thejudgment that is according to appearancewithrighteous judgment. (John 7:24, andJohn 8:15.) Hence he reproves the Corinthians, because, contenting themselves with show, or appearance, they did not seriously consider, what kind of persons ought to be looked upon as the servants of Christ.If any one trusteth in himself— an expression that is full of great confidence, for he takes it, as it were, for granted, that he is so certainly a minister of Christ, that this distinction cannot be taken from him. “Whoever,” says he, “is desirous to be looked upon as a minister of Christ, must necessarily count me in along with himself.” For what reason? “Let him,” says he. “think for himself, for whatever things he may have in himself, that make him worthy of such an honor, the same will he find in me.” By this he hinted to them, that whoever they might be that reviled him, ought not to be looked upon as the servants of Christ. It would not become all to speak thus confidently, for it might certainly happen — nay, it happens every day, that they same claim is haughtily advanced by persons, that are of no reputation, and are nothing else than a dishonor to Christ.Paul, however, affirmed nothing respecting himself but what he had openly given proof of by clear and sure evidences among the Corinthians. Now should any one, while destitute of all proof of the reality, recommend himself in a similar manner, what would he do but expose himself to ridicule? To trust in one’s selfis equivalent to assuming to one’s self power and authority on the pretext that he serves Christ, while he is desirous to be held in estimation.
McArther Bible Commentary
look … outward appearance. The Greek verb for look is better translated as an imperative, or command: "Look at what is obvious, face the facts, consider the evidence." In light of what they knew about him (cf. 1Co 9:1-2), how could some of the Corinthians possibly believe that Paul was a false apostle and the false teachers were true apostles? Unlike Paul, the false apostles had founded no churches, and had suffered no persecution for the cause of Christ. Paul could call on his companions and even Ananias as witnesses to the reality of his Damascus road experience; there were no witnesses to verify the false apostles' alleged encounters with the risen, glorified Christ. If anyone is convinced … that he is Christ's. The false apostles' claim to belong to Christ can be understood in four ways: (1) that they were Christians; (2) that they had known Jesus during His earthly life; (3) that they had an apostolic commission from Him; or (4) that they had an elevated, secret knowledge of Him. Their claim that some or all of those things were true about themselves implies that they denied all of them to be true of Paul. we are Christ's. For the sake of argument, Paul did not at this point deny the false apostles' claims (as he did later in 2Co 11:13-15). He merely pointed out that he, too, could and did claim to belong to Christ. To decide between the conflicting personal claims, the Corinthians needed only to consider the objective evidence, as he commanded them to do earlier in this verse.
Bible Cross References
John 7:24 1 Corinthians 1:12 1 Corinthians 3:23 1 Corinthians 9:1 1 Corinthians 14:37 2 Corinthians 5:12 2 Corinthians 11:23 Galatians 1:12

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Reasons with the Corinthians.
In outward appearance, Paul was mean and despised in the eyes of some, but this was a false rule to judge by. We must not think that none outward appearance, as if the want of such things proved a man not to be a real Christian, or an able, faithful minister of the lowly Saviour.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
. See EGW on Acts 18:1-3.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
I should not be ashamed - As having said more than I could make good.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For though I should boast more largely of my authority. It was a sign of modesty, that he put himself into the number of those, whom he greatly excelled. At the same time, he was not disposed to show such modesty, as not to retain his authority unimpaired. He accordingly adds, that he has said less than his authority entitled him to say; for he was not one of the ordinary class of ministers, but was even distinguished among the Apostles. Hence he says: “Though I should boast more,I should not be ashamed, for there will be good ground for it.” He anticipates an objection, because he does not fail to speak of his own glory, while at the same time he refrains from making farther mention of it, that the Corinthians may understand, that, if he boasts, it is against his will, as in truth the false Apostles constrained him to it; otherwise he would not have done so.By the term powerhe means — the authority of his Apostleship, which he had among the Corinthians for, through all the ministers of the word have the same office in common, there are nevertheless, degrees of honor. Now God had placed Paul on a higher eminence than others, inasmuch as he had made use of his endeavors for foundingthat Church, and had in many ways put honor upon his Apostleship. Lest, however, malevolent persons should stir up odium against him, on the ground of his making use of the termpower, he adds the purpose for which it was given him — the salvation of the Corinthians. Hence it follows, that it ought not to be irksome to them, or grievous, for who would not bear patiently, nay more, who would not love what he knows to be of advantage to him? In the mean time, there is an implied contrast between his power, and that in which the false apostles gloried — which was of such a nature that the Corinthians received no advantage from it, and experienced no edification. There can, however, be no doubt, that all the ministers of the word are also, furnished withpower; for of what sort were a preaching of the word, that was withoutpower? Hence it is said to all —He that heareth you, heareth me; he that rejecteth you, rejecteth me. (Luke 10:16.)As however, many, on false grounds, claim for themselves what they have not, we must carefully observe, how far Paul extends his power— so as to be to the edification of believers. Those, then, who exercisepowerin the way of destroying the Church, prove themselves to be tyrants, and robbers — not pastors. In thesecondplace, we must observe, that he declares, that it was given to him by God. He, therefore, that is desirous to have any thing in his power to do, must have God as the Author of his power. Others, it is true, will boast of this also, as the Pope with full mouth thunders forth, that he is Christ’s vicar. But what evidence does he give of this?For Christ has not conferredpowerof this kind upon dumb persons, but upon the Apostles, and his other ministers, that the doctrine of his Gospel might not be without defense. Hence the wholepowerof ministers is included in the word — but in such a way, nevertheless, that Christ may always remain Lord and Master. Let us, therefore, bear in mind, that in lawful authority these two things are required — that it be given by God, and that it be exercised for the welfare of the Church. It is well known, who they are, on whom God has conferred thispower, and in what way he has limited the power he has given. Those exercise it in a proper manner, who faithfully obey his commandment.Here, however, a question may be proposed. “God says to Jeremiah,Behold, I set thee over the nations, and kingdoms, to plant, and to pluck up, to build and to destroy. (Jeremiah 1:10.)We have, also, found it stated a little before, (2 Corinthians 10:5) that the Apostles were set apart on the same footing — that they might destroy every thing that exalted itself against Christ. Nay more, the teachers of the gospel cannot build up in any other way, than by destroying the old man. Besides, they preach the gospel to the condemnation and destruction of the wicked.” I answer that, what Paul says here, has nothing to do with the wicked, for he addresses the Corinthians, to whom he wished his Apostleship to be beneficial. With regard to them, I say, he could do nothing but with a view to edification. We have already observed, also, that this was expressly stated, that the Corinthians might know, that the authority of this holy man was not assailed by any one but Satan, the enemy of their salvation, while the design of that authority was their edification.At the same time, it is in other respects true in a general way, that the doctrine of the gospel has in its own nature a tendency to edification— not todestruction. For as to its destroying, that comes from something apart from itself — from the fault of mankind, while they stumble at the stone that was appointed form as afoundation(1 Peter 2:8.) As to the fact, that we are renewed after the image of God by the destruction of the old man — that is not at all at variance with Paul’s words, for in that case destruction is taken in a good sense, but here in a bad sense, as meaning the ruin of what is God’s, or as meaning the destruction of the soul — as if he had said, that hispowerwas not injurious to them, for instead of this the advantage of it for their salvation was manifested.
McArther Bible Commentary
The debate with the false apostles had forced Paul to emphasize his authority more than he cared to; Paul's claims for his authority normally were restrained by his humility. But no matter how much he said about his authority, Paul would never be ashamed. Since he had the authority of which he spoke, he would never be proved guilty of making an empty boast. The Lord gave Paul his authority to edify and strengthen the church; that he had done so at Corinth proves the genuineness of his claim to apostolic calling. Far from edifying the Corinthian church, the false apostles had brought confusion, divisiveness, and turmoil. That showed that their authority did not come from the Lord, who seeks only to build His church (cf. Mat 16:18), not tear it down.
Bible Cross References
2 Corinthians 7:4 2 Corinthians 7:14 2 Corinthians 10:4 2 Corinthians 10:9 2 Corinthians 12:19 2 Corinthians 13:10

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Reasons with the Corinthians.
In outward appearance, Paul was mean and despised in the eyes of some, but this was a false rule to judge by. We must not think that none outward appearance, as if the want of such things proved a man not to be a real Christian, or an able, faithful minister of the lowly Saviour.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
I say this, that I may not seem to terrify you by letters - Threatening more than I can perform.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
That I may not seem to terrify. Again he touches on the calumny which he had formerly refuted, (2 Corinthians 10:2,) that he was bold in his writings, while in their presence his courage failed him. On this pretext they disparaged his writings.“What!” Said they, “will he terrify us by letters when at a distance, while, if present with us, he would scarcely venture to mutter a word!” Lest, therefore, his letters should have less weight, he answers, that no objection is advanced against him, that should either destroy or weaken his credit, and that of his doctrine, fordeedswere not to be less valued thanwords. He was not less powerful in actions when present, than he was by words when absent. Hence it was unfair, that his bodily presence should be looked upon as contemptible. Bydeed, here, he means, in my opinion, the efficacy and success of his preaching, as well as the excellences that were worthy of an Apostle, and his whole manner of life.Speech, on the other hand, denotes — not the very substance of doctrine, but simply the form of it, and the bark, so to speak: for he would have contended for doctrine with greater keeness. The contempt, however, proceeded from this — that he was deficient in that ornament and splendor of eloquence, which secures favor.
McArther Bible Commentary
terrify you by letters. The false apostles had accused Paul of being an abusive leader, of trying to intimidate the Corinthians in his letters (such as the "severe letter," see Introduction: Background and Setting). Paul's goal, however, was not to terrify the Corinthians but to bring them to repentance (cf. 2Co 7:9-10) because he loved them (cf. 2Co 7:2-3; 2Co 11:11; 2Co 12:15).
Bible Cross References
2 Corinthians 10:8 2 Corinthians 10:10

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Reasons with the Corinthians.
In outward appearance, Paul was mean and despised in the eyes of some, but this was a false rule to judge by. We must not think that none outward appearance, as if the want of such things proved a man not to be a real Christian, or an able, faithful minister of the lowly Saviour.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
His bodily presence is weak - His stature, says St. Chrysostom, was low, his body crooked, and his head bald.
McArther Bible Commentary
In their continuing attempt to discredit Paul, the false apostles claimed that in contrast to his bold, forceful letters, in person he lacked the presence, charisma, and personality of a great leader. They no doubt supported their point by portraying Paul's departure after his "painful" visit (2Co 2:1; cf. Introduction: Background and Setting) as a retreat of abject failure. And in a culture that valued skillful rhetoric and eloquent oration, Paul's "contemptible" speech was also taken as evidence that he was weak and ineffective.
Bible Cross References
1 Corinthians 1:17 1 Corinthians 2:3 2 Corinthians 10:1 2 Corinthians 10:9 2 Corinthians 10:11 2 Corinthians 11:6 2 Corinthians 11:21 2 Corinthians 12:7 2 Corinthians 13:3 Galatians 4:13

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Reasons with the Corinthians.
In outward appearance, Paul was mean and despised in the eyes of some, but this was a false rule to judge by. We must not think that none outward appearance, as if the want of such things proved a man not to be a real Christian, or an able, faithful minister of the lowly Saviour.
McArther Bible Commentary
Paul denied the false charges against him and affirmed his integrity. What he was in his letters, he was to be when present with them.
Bible Cross References
2 Corinthians 10:10 2 Corinthians 10:12 2 Corinthians 13:2

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Seeks the glory of God, and to be approved of him.
If we would compare ourselves with others who excel us, this would be a good method to keep us humble. The apostle fixes a good rule for his conduct; namely, not to boast of things without his measure, which was the measure God had distributed to him. There is not a more fruitful source of error, than to judge of persons and opinions by our own prejudices. How common is it for persons to judge of their own religious character, by the opinions and maxims of the world around them! But how different is the rule of God's word! And of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst. Therefore, instead of praising ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God. In a word, let us glory in the Lord our salvation, and in all other things only as evidences of his love, or means of promoting his glory. Instead of praising ourselves, or seeking the praise of men, let us desire that honour which cometh from God only.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
For we presume not - A strong irony. To equal ourselves - As partners of the same office. Or to compare ourselves - As partakers of the same labour. They among themselves limiting themselves - Choosing and limiting their provinces according to their own fancy.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For we dare not.He says this by way ofirony, for afterwards he does not merely compare himself boldly with them, but, deriding their vanity, he leaves them far behind him. Now by thisirony he gives a stroke, not merely to those foolish boasters,but also to the Corinthians, who encouraged them in their folly by their misdirected approbation. “I am satisfied,” says he, “with my moderate way; for I would not dare to put myself on a footing with your Apostles, who are the heralds of their own excellence.” In the mean time, when he intimates that their glory consists of mere speaking and boasting, he shows, how silly and worthless they are, while he claims for himself deeds instead of words, that is, true and solid ground of glorying. He may seem, however, to err in the very thing for which he reproves others, for he immediately afterwards commends himself. I answer, that his design must be taken into view, for those do not aim at their own commendation, who, entirely free from ambition, have no desire but to serve the Lord usefully.As to this passage, however, there is no need of any other explanation than what may be gathered from the words themselves, for those are said tocommend themselves, who, while in poverty and starvation as to true praise, exalt themselves in vain-glorious boasting, and falsely give out, that they are what they are not. This, also, appears from what follows.But they measure themselves by themselvesHere he points out, as with his finger their folly. The man that has but one eye sees well enough among the blind: the man that is dull of hearing hears distinctly enough among the totally deaf. Such were those that were satisfied with themselves, and showed themselves off among others, simply because they did not look to any that were superior to themselves, for if they had compared themselves with Paul, or any one like him, they would have felt constrained to lay aside immediately that foolish impression which they entertained, and would have exchanged boasting for shame.For an explanation of this passage we need look no farther than to the monks; for as they are almost all of them the most ignorant asses, and at the same time are looked upon as learned persons, on account of their long robe and hood, if any one has merely a slight smattering of elegant literature, he proudly spreads out his feathers like a peacock — a marvelous fame goes abroad respecting him — among his companions he is adored Were, however, the mask of the hood laid aside,and a thorough examination entered upon, their vanity would at once be discovered. Why so? The old proverb holds good: “Ignorance is pert.”But the excessively insolent arrogance of the monksproceeds chiefly from this — that theymeasure themselves by themselves; for, as in their cloisters there is nothing but barbarism,it is not to be wondered, if the man that has but one eye is a king among the blind. Such were Paul’s rivals, for inwardly they flattered themselves, not considering what virtues entitled a person to true praise, and how far short they came of the excellence of Paul, and those like him. And, certainly, this single consideration might justly have covered them with shame, but it is the just punishment of the ambitious, that by their silliness they expose themselves to ridicule, (than which there is nothing that they are more desirous to avoid,) and in place of glory, which they are immoderately desirous of,they incur disgrace.
McArther Bible Commentary
class ourselves or compare ourselves. It is a mark of Paul's humility that he refused to compare himself with others or to engage in self-promotion. His only personal concern was what the Lord thought of him (cf. 1Co 4:4), though he needed to defend his apostleship so the Corinthians would not, in turning from him, turn from the truth to lies. comparing themselves among themselves. Paul pointed out the folly of the false apostles' boasting. They invented false standards that they could meet, then proclaimed themselves superior for meeting them.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 27:2 2 Corinthians 3:1 2 Corinthians 10:11 2 Corinthians 10:18

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Seeks the glory of God, and to be approved of him.
If we would compare ourselves with others who excel us, this would be a good method to keep us humble. The apostle fixes a good rule for his conduct; namely, not to boast of things without his measure, which was the measure God had distributed to him. There is not a more fruitful source of error, than to judge of persons and opinions by our own prejudices. How common is it for persons to judge of their own religious character, by the opinions and maxims of the world around them! But how different is the rule of God's word! And of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst. Therefore, instead of praising ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God. In a word, let us glory in the Lord our salvation, and in all other things only as evidences of his love, or means of promoting his glory. Instead of praising ourselves, or seeking the praise of men, let us desire that honour which cometh from God only.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
But we will not, like them, boastingly extend ourselves beyond our measure, but according to the measure of the province which God hath allotted us - To me, in particular, as the apostle of the gentiles. A measure which reaches even unto you - God allotted to each apostle his province, and the measure or bounds thereof.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
But we will not boast beyond our measureHe now contrasts his own moderation with the folly of the false Apostles,and, at the same time, he shows what is the true measure of glorying — when we keep within the limits that have been marked out for us by the Lord. “Has the Lord given me such a thing? I shall be satisfied with this measure. I shall not either desire or claim to myself any thing more.” This he calls themeasure of his rule.For every one’s rule, according to which he ought to regulate himself is this — God’s gift and calling. At the same time, it is not lawful for us to glow in God’s gift and calling on our own account, but merely in so far as it is expedient for the glory of him, who is so liberal to us with this view — that we may acknowledge ourselves indebted to him for everything.A measure to reach.By this clause he intimates, that he stands in no need of commendations expressed in words among the Corinthians, who were a portion of his glow, as he says elsewhere, (Philippians 4:1,)ye are my crown. He carries out, however, the form of expression, which he had previously entered upon. “I have,” says he, “a most ample field for glorying, so as not to go beyond my own limits, and you are one department of that field.” He modestly reproves, however, their ingratitude,in overlooking, in a manner, his apostleship, which ought to have been especially in estimation among them, on the ground of God’s commendation of it. In each clause, too, we must understand as implied, a contrast between him and the false Apostles, who had no such approbation to show.
McArther Bible Commentary
not boast beyond measure. In contrast to the proud, arrogant, boastful false apostles, Paul refused to say anything about himself or his ministry that was not true and God-given. the limits of the sphere which God appointed us. Paul was content to stay within the bounds of the ministry God had given him-that of being the apostle to the Gentiles (Rom 1:5; Rom 11:13; 1Ti 2:7; 2Ti 1:11). Thus, contrary to the claims of the false apostles, Paul's sphere of ministry included Corinth. The apostle again demonstrated his humility by refusing to boast of his own accomplishments, preferring to speak only of what Christ had done through him (Rom 15:18; Col 1:29).
Bible Cross References
Romans 12:3 2 Corinthians 10:15

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Seeks the glory of God, and to be approved of him.
If we would compare ourselves with others who excel us, this would be a good method to keep us humble. The apostle fixes a good rule for his conduct; namely, not to boast of things without his measure, which was the measure God had distributed to him. There is not a more fruitful source of error, than to judge of persons and opinions by our own prejudices. How common is it for persons to judge of their own religious character, by the opinions and maxims of the world around them! But how different is the rule of God's word! And of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst. Therefore, instead of praising ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God. In a word, let us glory in the Lord our salvation, and in all other things only as evidences of his love, or means of promoting his glory. Instead of praising ourselves, or seeking the praise of men, let us desire that honour which cometh from God only.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
We are come even to you - By a gradual, regular process, having taken the intermediate places in our way, in preaching the gospel of Christ.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For we do not overstretch.He alludes to persons who either forcibly stretch out their arms, or raise themselves up on their feet, when wishing to catch hold of what is not at their hand,for of this nature is a greedy thirst for glory, nay more, it is often more disgusting. For ambitious persons do not merely stretch out their arms and lift up their feet, but are even carried headlong with the view of obtaining some pretext for glorying.He tacitly intimates that his rivals were of this stamp. He afterwards declares on what ground he had come to the Corinthians — because he had founded their church by his ministry. Hence he says,in the gospel of Christ; for he had not come to them empty,but had been the first to bring the gospel to them. The prepositioninis taken by some in another way; for they render it,by the gospel, and this meaning does not suit ill. At the same time, Paul seems to set off to advantage his coming to the Corinthians, on the ground of his having been furnished with so precious a gift.
Bible Cross References
1 Corinthians 3:6 2 Corinthians 2:12

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Seeks the glory of God, and to be approved of him.
If we would compare ourselves with others who excel us, this would be a good method to keep us humble. The apostle fixes a good rule for his conduct; namely, not to boast of things without his measure, which was the measure God had distributed to him. There is not a more fruitful source of error, than to judge of persons and opinions by our own prejudices. How common is it for persons to judge of their own religious character, by the opinions and maxims of the world around them! But how different is the rule of God's word! And of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst. Therefore, instead of praising ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God. In a word, let us glory in the Lord our salvation, and in all other things only as evidences of his love, or means of promoting his glory. Instead of praising ourselves, or seeking the praise of men, let us desire that honour which cometh from God only.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Having hope, now your faith is increased - So that you can the better spare us. To be enlarged by you abundantly - That is, enabled by you to go still further.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
In the labors of others.He now reproves more freely the false Apostles, who, while they had put forth their hand in the reaping of another man’s harvest, had the audacity at the same time to revile those, who had prepared a place for them at the expense of sweat and toil. Paul had built up the Church of the Corinthians — not without the greatest struggle, and innumerable difficulties. Those persons afterwards come forward, and find the road made and the gate open. That they may appear persons of consequence, they impudently claim for themselves what did not of right belong to them, and disparage Paul’s labors.But having hope.He again indirectly reproves the Corinthians, because they had stood in the way of his making greater progress in advancing the gospel. For when he says that he hopes that, whentheir faith is increasedthe boundaries of his glowing will be enlarged, he intimates, that the weakness of faith under which they labored was the reason, why his career had been somewhat retarded. “I ought now to have been employed in gaining over new Churches, and that too with your assistance, if you had made as much proficiency as you ought to have done; but now you retard me by your infirmity. I hope, however, that the Lord will grant, that greater progress will be made by you in future, and that in this way the glory of my ministry will be increased according to the rule of the divine calling.”Toglory in things that have been preparedis equivalent toglorying in the labors of others; for, while Paul had fought the battle,they enjoyed the triumph.
McArther Bible Commentary
enlarged … in our sphere. When the crisis in Corinth had been resolved and the Corinthians' faith strengthened, Paul would, with their help, expand his ministry into new areas.
Bible Cross References
Acts 5:13 Romans 15:20 2 Corinthians 10:13 2 Thessalonians 1:3

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Seeks the glory of God, and to be approved of him.
If we would compare ourselves with others who excel us, this would be a good method to keep us humble. The apostle fixes a good rule for his conduct; namely, not to boast of things without his measure, which was the measure God had distributed to him. There is not a more fruitful source of error, than to judge of persons and opinions by our own prejudices. How common is it for persons to judge of their own religious character, by the opinions and maxims of the world around them! But how different is the rule of God's word! And of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst. Therefore, instead of praising ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God. In a word, let us glory in the Lord our salvation, and in all other things only as evidences of his love, or means of promoting his glory. Instead of praising ourselves, or seeking the praise of men, let us desire that honour which cometh from God only.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
In the regions beyond you - To the west and south, where the gospel had not yet been preached.
McArther Bible Commentary
regions beyond you. Paul had in mind areas such as Rome (Act 19:21) and Spain (Rom 15:24, Rom 15:28).
Bible Cross References
Acts 19:21 Romans 15:20 2 Corinthians 11:7

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Seeks the glory of God, and to be approved of him.
If we would compare ourselves with others who excel us, this would be a good method to keep us humble. The apostle fixes a good rule for his conduct; namely, not to boast of things without his measure, which was the measure God had distributed to him. There is not a more fruitful source of error, than to judge of persons and opinions by our own prejudices. How common is it for persons to judge of their own religious character, by the opinions and maxims of the world around them! But how different is the rule of God's word! And of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst. Therefore, instead of praising ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God. In a word, let us glory in the Lord our salvation, and in all other things only as evidences of his love, or means of promoting his glory. Instead of praising ourselves, or seeking the praise of men, let us desire that honour which cometh from God only.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
But he that gloriethThis statement is made by way of correction, as his glorying might be looked upon as having the appearance of empty boasting. Hence he cites himself and others before the judgment-seat of God, saying, that those glory on good grounds, who are approved by God. Toglory in the Lord, however, is used here in a different sense from what it bears in the first chapter of the former Epistle, (1 Corinthians 1:31,) and inJeremiah 9:24. For in those passages it means — to recognize God as the author of all blessings, in such a way that every blessing is ascribed to his grace, while men do not extol themselves, but glorify him alone. Here, however, it means — to place our glory at the disposal of God alone,and reckon every thing else as of no value. For while some are dependent on the estimation of men, and weigh themselves in the false balance of public opinion, and others are deceived by their own arrogance, Paul exhorts us to be emulous of this glow — that we may please the Lord, by whose judgment we all stand or fall.Even heathens say, that true glory consists in an upright conscience.Now that is so much, but it is not all; for, as almost all are blind through excessive self-love, we cannot safely place confidence in the estimate that we form of ourselves. For we must keep in mind what he says elsewhere, (1 Corinthians 4: 4,) that he is not conscious to himself of anything wrong, and yet isnot thereby justified. What then? Let us know, that to God alone must be reserved the right of passing judgment upon us; for we are not competent judges in our own cause. This meaning is confirmed by what follows —
McArther Bible Commentary
The thought of self-glory was repugnant to Paul; he boasted only in the Lord (cf. Jer 9:23-24; 1Co 1:31; see note on 2Co 10:13).
Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 9:24 1 Corinthians 1:31

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Seeks the glory of God, and to be approved of him.
If we would compare ourselves with others who excel us, this would be a good method to keep us humble. The apostle fixes a good rule for his conduct; namely, not to boast of things without his measure, which was the measure God had distributed to him. There is not a more fruitful source of error, than to judge of persons and opinions by our own prejudices. How common is it for persons to judge of their own religious character, by the opinions and maxims of the world around them! But how different is the rule of God's word! And of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst. Therefore, instead of praising ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God. In a word, let us glory in the Lord our salvation, and in all other things only as evidences of his love, or means of promoting his glory. Instead of praising ourselves, or seeking the praise of men, let us desire that honour which cometh from God only.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For not he that commendeth himself is approved“For it is easy to impose upon men by a false impression, and this is matter of every day occurrence. Let us, therefore, leaving off all other things, aim exclusively at this — that we may be approved by God, and may be satisfied to have his approbation alone, as it justly ought to be regarded by us as of more value than all the applauses of the whole world. There was one that said, that to have Plato’s favorable judgment was to him worth a thousand.The question here is not as to the judgment of mankind, in respect of the superiority of one to another, but as to the sentence of God himself, who has it in his power to overturn all the decisions that men have pronounced.
McArther Bible Commentary
whom the Lord commends. See note on verse 2Co 10:12. Self-commendation is both meaningless and foolish; the only true, meaningful commendation comes from God.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 27:2 Romans 2:29 1 Corinthians 4:5 2 Corinthians 3:1 2 Corinthians 10:12