1 And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the Lord, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the Lord said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron.

So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite.

And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.

And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabeshgilead were they that buried Saul.

And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabeshgilead, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of the Lord, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him.

And now the Lord shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing.

Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them.

But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host, took Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim;

And made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.

10 Ishbosheth Saul's son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.

11 And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.

12 And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.

13 And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool.

14 And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before us. And Joab said, Let them arise.

15 Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.

16 And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkathhazzurim, which is in Gibeon.

17 And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.

18 And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.

19 And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.

20 Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am.

21 And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him.

22 And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?

23 Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.

24 Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.

25 And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill.

26 Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?

27 And Joab said, As God liveth, unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother.

28 So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.

29 And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim.

30 And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.

31 But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.

32 And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David made king in Hebron.
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, (1 Chronicles 12:22), but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Enquired - By Urim. Thus David begins at the right end, and lays his foundation in God's counsel and assistance. Shall I go - He asked not whether he should take the kingdom; for that was appointed before; and he would not offend God, nor dishonour his ordinance with unnecessary enquiries; but only where he should enter upon it; whether in Judah, as he supposed, because of his relation to that tribe, and his interest in it; or in some other tribe: for he doth not limit God, but resolves exactly to follow his counsels. Hebron - Which was next to Jerusalem (part whereof the Jebusites now possessed) the chief city of that tribe, and a city of the priests, and in the very center of that tribe, to which the whole tribe might speedily resort, when need required. And the sepulchres of the patriarchs adjoining to Hebron, would remind him of the ancient promise.
McArther Bible Commentary
David inquired of the Lord. After the death of Saul, David could move about the land freely as the Lord directed him. A contrast can be seen between Saul, who had inquired of the Lord and the Lord would not answer (cf. 1Sa 28:6), and David, who also inquired of the Lord and the Lord gave him direction. cities of Judah? David sought guidance from the Lord about where to start his reign. David first asked if he should begin in the southern area of Judah. The Lord responded affirmatively and, thus, David sought for a more precise destination. The nucleus of David's future government would come from the cities of Judah. Hebron. With the highest elevation of any town in Judah, the city was strategically chosen to be the initial location of David's rule over Israel. Hebron is located twenty miles south-southwest of Jerusalem. Abraham had lived there long before (Gen 13:18), and later Hebron had been given to Caleb (Jos 14:13-14; Jdg 1:20) when Israel occupied the land after the wilderness wanderings.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 14:13 1 Samuel 23:2 1 Samuel 23:4 1 Samuel 30:31 2 Samuel 5:19

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David made king in Hebron.
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, (1 Chronicles 12:22), but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
McArther Bible Commentary
Ahinoam … Abigail. Abigail became David's wife after the death of Nabal (cf. 1Sa 25:40-44).
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 25:42 1 Samuel 25:43 1 Samuel 27:3 1 Samuel 30:5

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David made king in Hebron.
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, (1 Chronicles 12:22), but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Dwelt in - That is, the cities or towns belonging to Hebron, which was the Metropolis. For in Hebron itself there was not space for them all, because it was filled with priests, and with David's court.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 27:3 1 Samuel 30:9 1 Chronicles 12:1 1 Chronicles 12:23

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David made king in Hebron.
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, (1 Chronicles 12:22), but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Anointed - This they did upon just grounds, because not only the kingdom was promised to that tribe, but David was designed and anointed by God, whose will both they and all Israel were obliged to obey. And they resolved not to neglect their duty, though they saw the other tribes would. Yet their modesty is observable, they make him king of Judah only, and not of all Israel. And therefore there was need of a third anointing to the kingdom over all Israel, which he had (2 Samuel 5:3) , that first anointing; (1 Samuel 16:13) , was only a designation of the person who should be king, but not an actual inauguration of him to the kingdom.
McArther Bible Commentary
anointed David king. David had already been privately anointed king by Samuel (cf. 1Sa 16:3). This anointing recognized his rule in the southern area of Judah. Later, he would be anointed as king over all Israel (cf. 2Sa 5:3). men of Jabesh Gilead. Jabesh, a city of Israel east of the Jordan River, demonstrated its loyalty to Saul by giving him a proper burial (cf. 1Sa 31:11-13).
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 16:13 1 Samuel 31:11 1 Samuel 31:12 2 Samuel 5:3 2 Samuel 5:5 1 Chronicles 11:3 1 Chronicles 12:23

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David made king in Hebron.
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, (1 Chronicles 12:22), but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Kindness - This respect and affection. For as it is, an act of inhumanity to deny burial to the dead; so it is an act of mercy and kindness to bury them.
Bible Cross References
Judges 21:8 Ruth 2:20 1 Samuel 15:13 1 Samuel 23:21 Psalm 115:15

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David made king in Hebron.
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, (1 Chronicles 12:22), but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Kindness and truth - That is, true and real kindness; not in words only, but also in actions, as you have done to your king. I will requite - So far am I from being offended with you for this kindness to my late enemy.
Bible Cross References
2 Timothy 1:16 Exodus 34:6 2 Samuel 2:7 2 Samuel 15:20

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David made king in Hebron.
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, (1 Chronicles 12:22), but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Be valiant - Be not afraid lest the Philistines should punish you for this fact, but take good courage, I will defend you. For, &c. - Or, though your master Saul be dead, and so your hearts may faint, as if you were now sheep without a shepherd.
McArther Bible Commentary
your master Saul is dead. David referred to Saul as "your master" in order not to antagonize the men of Jabesh Gilead. He sought to win Israel over to his side, not force them into submission.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:6 2 Samuel 2:8 Nehemiah 2:18

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Abner - Tho' ambition and desire of rule, because he knew that Ishbosheth would have only the name of king, whilst he had the power.
McArther Bible Commentary
Abner. Abner, cousin of Saul and general of his army (1Sa 14:50-51), did not desire to follow the Lord's new anointed king, but placed Ishbosheth on the throne, causing tension between Judah and the rest of the tribes in Israel. Ishbosheth. His name means "man of shame." Saul's only surviving son was placed as king over the northern tribes of Israel and the eastern ones across the Jordan. Mahanaim. A town in Gilead east of the Jordan River. Ishbosheth established himself there and reigned for two years in this city. This was the same city where Jacob saw the angels while on his way to Penuel (Gen 32:2). It was appointed to be a Levitical city from the territory of Gad (Jos 21:28; 1Ch 6:80). It later became a haven for David while fleeing from Absalom (2Sa 17:24, 2Sa 17:27; 2Sa 19:32; 1Ki 2:8), because likely it was well fortified (cf. 2Sa 18:24).
Bible Cross References
Genesis 32:2 Joshua 21:38 1 Samuel 14:50 2 Samuel 2:7 2 Samuel 2:29 2 Samuel 3:6 2 Samuel 4:5 2 Samuel 17:24 1 Chronicles 12:29

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Gilead - Largely so taken, for all the land of Israel beyond Jordan. Ashurites - That is, the tribe of Asher, as the Chaldee paraphrast and others understand it. Jezreel - A large and rich valley situate in the borders of the tribes of Zebulun, Issachar and Naphtali, and so put for them all. All Israel - Except Judah.
McArther Bible Commentary
king over Gilead … all Israel. Ishbosheth's power seemed more solidified in the land of Gilead (east of the Jordan River) than in the rest of Israel.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 22:9 Judges 1:32 1 Samuel 29:1 2 Samuel 2:10 2 Samuel 3:6 1 Chronicles 12:29

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Two years - Namely, before the following war broke out, which continued five years.
McArther Bible Commentary
the house of Judah. A natural opposition arose between the tribe of Judah and the rest of Israel since Judah was under the reign of David, while the rest of Israel recognized the reign of Ishbosheth.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:8 2 Samuel 2:9 2 Samuel 2:11

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
McArther Bible Commentary
seven years and six months. Several years passed before Ishbosheth assumed the throne of Israel, so that Ishbosheth's two-year reign came at the end of David's seven-year-and-six-month reign over Judah. It must have taken Ishbosheth about five years to regain the northern territory from the Philistines.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:10 2 Samuel 5:5 1 Chronicles 3:4

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Went out - To fight with David's army, and to bring back the rest of the kingdom to Saul's house.
McArther Bible Commentary
Gibeon. During the time of Joshua, Gibeon was a very important city (Jos 10:2). Its people probably had sided with David because Saul had broken a treaty with the Gibeonites and acted treacherously toward them (2Sa 21:1).
Bible Cross References
Joshua 10:12 Joshua 18:25 1 Samuel 17:9 2 Samuel 2:8

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Met - That is, met the opposite army, and put themselves in a posture for battle.
McArther Bible Commentary
Joab the son of Zeruiah. Joab was the leader of David's army and, thus, led the men against Abner. Although Ishbosheth and David sat on the thrones of their respective territories, Joab and Abner truly had wielded the power and control by leading the military forces. Zeruiah was the sister of David (cf. 1Ch 2:16).
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 8:16 2 Samuel 20:8 1 Kings 2:5 1 Chronicles 2:16 1 Chronicles 11:6 Jeremiah 41:12

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And play - That is, shew their prowess and dexterity in fighting together. He speaks like a vain - glorious and cruel man, and a soldier of fortune, that esteemed it a sport to see men wounding and killing one another. So this he designed, partly for their mutual recreation and trial of skill; and partly, that by this occasion they might be engaged in a battle. But he is unworthy the name of a man, who is thus prodigal of human blood.
McArther Bible Commentary
the young men … compete. Rather than all-out war, Abner proposed a representative contest between champions on behalf of the opposing armies. Because all twenty-four of the contestants lay fallen and dying in combat (2Sa 2:15-16), the contest settled nothing, but excited passions so that a battle between the two armies ensued (2Sa 2:17).
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:15 2 Samuel 2:16 2 Samuel 2:17 2 Kings 14:8

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:8 2 Samuel 2:14 2 Samuel 2:16

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
By the head - By the hair of the head, which after their manner was of a considerable length. Helkath - kazzurim - Or, the field of rock; that is, of men who stood like rocks unmovable, each one dying upon the spot where he fought.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:14 2 Samuel 2:15 2 Samuel 2:17

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:14 2 Samuel 2:16 2 Samuel 3:1

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Asahel slain by Abner: . Both parties retreat.
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
McArther Bible Commentary
Abishai. Brother of Joab, he was an aide to David throughout his rise to power. Abishai was with David in the camp of Saul when David had opportunity to kill Saul and encouraged the murder of Saul, which David would not allow (cf. 1Sa 26:6-9). Asahel. Another brother of Joab, Asahel was singleminded with dogged determination; though he was extremely fleet-footed, his determination would prove to be fatal (2Sa 2:23).
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:19 2 Samuel 22:34 2 Samuel 23:24 1 Kings 2:5 1 Chronicles 2:16 1 Chronicles 12:8 Habakkuk 3:19

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Asahel slain by Abner: . Both parties retreat.
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:18 2 Samuel 2:20

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Asahel slain by Abner: . Both parties retreat.
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:19 2 Samuel 2:21

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Asahel slain by Abner: . Both parties retreat.
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And take, &c. - If thou art ambitious to get a trophy or mark of thy valour, desist from me who am an old and experienced captain, and go to some young and raw soldier; try thy skill upon him, and take away his arms from him.
McArther Bible Commentary
take his armor. To gain the armor of the enemy general, Abner, who was fleeing the defeat, would possess the greatest trophy. Asahel was ambitious to get it, while Abner kept warning him and suggested that he take the armor of some other soldier for his trophy, since he was not able to defeat Abner.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:20 2 Samuel 2:22

Verse 22

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Asahel slain by Abner: . Both parties retreat.
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
McArther Bible Commentary
How then could I face your brother Joab? Abner sought to spare Asahel in order to avoid unnecessary vengeance from Joab or David. Abner tried to give Asahel reasons to stop his pursuit, but Asahel was determined. Abner did not wish to strike down Asahel, but Asahel refused to listen, so he was forced to stop his effort with a fatal back stab by the blunt end of his spear.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 19:17 2 Samuel 2:21 2 Samuel 3:27

Verse 23

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Asahel slain by Abner: . Both parties retreat.
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And died - So Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed on so much, only forwarded his fate! With it he ran upon his death, instead of running from it.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:24 2 Samuel 3:27 2 Samuel 3:30 2 Samuel 4:6 2 Samuel 20:10 2 Samuel 20:12

Verse 24

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Asahel slain by Abner: . Both parties retreat.
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:23 2 Samuel 2:25

Verse 25

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the morning, at night looked dismal. Those who are most forward to enter into contention, will repent before they have done with it, and had better leave it off before it be meddled with, as Solomon advises. This is true of every sin, oh that men would consider it in time, that it will be bitterness in the latter end! Asahel's funeral is here mentioned. Distinctions are made between the dust of some and that of others; but in the resurrection no difference will be made, but between the godly and ungodly, which will remain for ever.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:24 2 Samuel 2:26

Verse 26

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the morning, at night looked dismal. Those who are most forward to enter into contention, will repent before they have done with it, and had better leave it off before it be meddled with, as Solomon advises. This is true of every sin, oh that men would consider it in time, that it will be bitterness in the latter end! Asahel's funeral is here mentioned. Distinctions are made between the dust of some and that of others; but in the resurrection no difference will be made, but between the godly and ungodly, which will remain for ever.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Bitterness - It will produce dreadful effects. Brethren - By nation and religion: whom therefore they should not pursue with so fierce a rage, as if they were pursuing the Philistines.
McArther Bible Commentary
Shall the sword devour forever? As Abner had earlier proposed that the hostilities begin, he now proposed that they cease.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:25 2 Samuel 2:27

Verse 27

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the morning, at night looked dismal. Those who are most forward to enter into contention, will repent before they have done with it, and had better leave it off before it be meddled with, as Solomon advises. This is true of every sin, oh that men would consider it in time, that it will be bitterness in the latter end! Asahel's funeral is here mentioned. Distinctions are made between the dust of some and that of others; but in the resurrection no difference will be made, but between the godly and ungodly, which will remain for ever.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Unless, &c. - Unless thou hadst made the motion that they should fight, (2 Samuel 2:14) . It was thou, not I, that gave the first occasion of this fight. Abner was the sole cause of this war; otherwise all things had been ended by an amicable agreement: which might have been made that very morning, if he had so pleased.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:26 2 Samuel 2:28

Verse 28

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the morning, at night looked dismal. Those who are most forward to enter into contention, will repent before they have done with it, and had better leave it off before it be meddled with, as Solomon advises. This is true of every sin, oh that men would consider it in time, that it will be bitterness in the latter end! Asahel's funeral is here mentioned. Distinctions are made between the dust of some and that of others; but in the resurrection no difference will be made, but between the godly and ungodly, which will remain for ever.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:27 2 Samuel 3:1 2 Samuel 18:16

Verse 29

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the morning, at night looked dismal. Those who are most forward to enter into contention, will repent before they have done with it, and had better leave it off before it be meddled with, as Solomon advises. This is true of every sin, oh that men would consider it in time, that it will be bitterness in the latter end! Asahel's funeral is here mentioned. Distinctions are made between the dust of some and that of others; but in the resurrection no difference will be made, but between the godly and ungodly, which will remain for ever.
McArther Bible Commentary
Bithron. After the death of Asahel, Abner moved through this gorge as he approached Mahanaim (see note on 2Sa 2:8).
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:8 2 Samuel 2:30 2 Samuel 4:7

Verse 30

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the morning, at night looked dismal. Those who are most forward to enter into contention, will repent before they have done with it, and had better leave it off before it be meddled with, as Solomon advises. This is true of every sin, oh that men would consider it in time, that it will be bitterness in the latter end! Asahel's funeral is here mentioned. Distinctions are made between the dust of some and that of others; but in the resurrection no difference will be made, but between the godly and ungodly, which will remain for ever.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:29 2 Samuel 2:31

Verse 31

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the morning, at night looked dismal. Those who are most forward to enter into contention, will repent before they have done with it, and had better leave it off before it be meddled with, as Solomon advises. This is true of every sin, oh that men would consider it in time, that it will be bitterness in the latter end! Asahel's funeral is here mentioned. Distinctions are made between the dust of some and that of others; but in the resurrection no difference will be made, but between the godly and ungodly, which will remain for ever.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 2:30 2 Samuel 2:32

Verse 32

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the morning, at night looked dismal. Those who are most forward to enter into contention, will repent before they have done with it, and had better leave it off before it be meddled with, as Solomon advises. This is true of every sin, oh that men would consider it in time, that it will be bitterness in the latter end! Asahel's funeral is here mentioned. Distinctions are made between the dust of some and that of others; but in the resurrection no difference will be made, but between the godly and ungodly, which will remain for ever.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
In Bethlehem - The rest they buried in the field of battle, but Asahel in the sepulchre of his father. Thus are distinctions made upon earth, even between the dust of some and of others! But in the resurrection no difference will be made but between good and bad; which will remain for ever.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 47:29 Genesis 47:30 Judges 8:32 2 Samuel 2:31