Ephesians 3 — King James Version

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

The apostle sets forth his office, and his qualifications for it, and his call to it.

For having preached the doctrine of truth, the apostle was a prisoner, but a prisoner of Jesus Christ; the object of special protection and care, while thus suffering for him. All the gracious offers of the gospel, and the joyful tidings it contains, come from the rich grace of God; it is the great means by which the Spirit works grace in the souls of men. The mystery, is that secret, hidden purpose of salvation through Christ. This was not so fully and clearly shown in the ages before Christ, as unto the prophets of the New Testament. This was the great truth made known to the apostle, that God would call the Gentiles to salvation by faith in Christ. An effectual working of Divine power attends the gifts of Divine grace. As God appointed Paul to the office, so he qualified him for it.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

For this cause - That ye may be so "built together," I am a prisoner for you gentiles - For your advantage, and for asserting your right to these blessings. This it was which so enraged the Jews against him.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

For this cause.Paul’s imprisonment, which ought to have been held as a confirmation of his apostleship, was undoubtedly presented by his adversaries in an opposite light. He therefore points out to the Ephesians that his chains served to prove and to declare his calling; and that the only reason why he had been imprisoned was, that he had preached the gospel to the Gentiles. His unshaken firmness was no small additional proof that he had discharged his office in a proper manner.The prisoner of Jesus Christ.To strengthen his authority still more, he speaks in lofty terms of his prison. In the presence of the world and of wicked men, this might have appeared to be foolish boasting; but, in addressing godly persons, it was a dignified and faithful manner. The glory of Christ not only overcomes the ignominy of the chains, but converts what was in itself a reproach into the highest honor. If he had merely said, “I am a prisoner,” this would not have conveyed the idea of his being an ambassador. Imprisonment alone has no claim to this honor, being usually the mark of wickedness and crime. But the crowns and sceptres of kings, to say nothing of the imposing splendor of an ambassador, are less honorable than the chains of a prisoner of Jesus Christ. Men might think otherwise, but it is our duty to judge of the reasons. So highly ought the name of Christ to be revered by us, that what men consider to be the greatest reproach, ought to be viewed by us as the greatest honour.For you Gentiles.Another circumstance greatly fitted to interest the Ephesians was, that the persecutions of Paul were endured for the Gentiles, — that his troubles and dangers were on their account.

McArther Bible Commentary

For this reason. This refers back to the truths about the unity of believers that Paul has just discussed and introduces the motive for his prayer which begins in verse Eph 3:14. the prisoner of Christ Jesus. Although Paul had been a prisoner for about two years in Caesarea and two years in Rome, he did not consider himself to be a prisoner of any government or person. Rather, he knew he was under Christ's control, and every aspect of his life was in the Lord's hands. He suffered imprisonment for preaching to Gentiles. See 2Co 4:8-15. Paul's Prison Epistles Four of Paul's letters are grouped as the prison epistles: Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon. Each of them includes clear internal references to the writer's prison surroundings (Eph 3:1; Eph 4:1; Eph 6:20; Php 1:7, Php 1:13-14, Php 1:17; Col 4:3, Col 4:10, Col 4:18; Phm 1:1, Phm 1:9-10, Phm 1:13, Phm 1:23). The similarities between the details of Paul's imprisonment given in Acts and in the prison epistles support the traditional position that the letters were written from Rome. Among these details are: (1) Paul was guarded by soldiers (Act 28:16; Php 1:13-14); (2) Paul was permitted to receive visitors (Act 28:30; Php 4:18); and (3) Paul had the opportunity to preach the gospel (Act 28:31; Eph 6:18-20; Php 1:12-14; Col 4:2-4). Caesarea and Ephesus have also been suggested as Paul's possible location when he wrote at least some of these letters. Paul was imprisoned in Caesarea for two years (Act 24:27), but his opportunities to receive visitors and proclaim the gospel were severely limited during that time (Act 23:35). The prison epistles express Paul's hope for a favorable verdict (Php 1:25; 2:24; Phm 1:23). In Caesarea, however, Paul's only hope for release was either to bribe Felix (Act 24:26) or agree to stand trial at Jerusalem under Festus (Act 25:9). In the prison epistles, Paul expected the decision in his case to be final (Php 1:20-23; Php 2:17, Php 2:23). That could not have been true at Caesarea, since Paul could and did appeal his case to the emperor. Ephesus has been the other suggested location. Most of the same difficulties faced by the Caesarea suggestion face those who support Ephesus.The most telling argument against Ephesus as the point of origin for the prison epistles, however, is that there is no evidence that Paul was ever imprisoned at Ephesus. In light of the serious difficulties faced by both the Caesarean and Ephesian views, no reason remains for rejecting the traditional view that Paul wrote the prison epistles from Rome while awaiting a hearing before the emperor on his appeal for justice as a Roman citizen.

Bible Cross References

Acts 9:15 Acts 23:18 2 Corinthians 1:6 2 Corinthians 10:1 Galatians 5:24 Ephesians 3:8 Ephesians 3:11 Ephesians 3:13 Ephesians 4:1 Ephesians 6:20 2 Timothy 1:8 Philemon 1:1 Philemon 1:9

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

The apostle sets forth his office, and his qualifications for it, and his call to it.

For having preached the doctrine of truth, the apostle was a prisoner, but a prisoner of Jesus Christ; the object of special protection and care, while thus suffering for him. All the gracious offers of the gospel, and the joyful tidings it contains, come from the rich grace of God; it is the great means by which the Spirit works grace in the souls of men. The mystery, is that secret, hidden purpose of salvation through Christ. This was not so fully and clearly shown in the ages before Christ, as unto the prophets of the New Testament. This was the great truth made known to the apostle, that God would call the Gentiles to salvation by faith in Christ. An effectual working of Divine power attends the gifts of Divine grace. As God appointed Paul to the office, so he qualified him for it.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

The dispensation of the grace of God given me in your behalf - That is, the commission to dispense the gracious gospel; to you gentiles in particular. This they had heard from his own mouth.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

If ye have heard.There is reason to believe, that, while Paul was at Ephesus, he had said nothing on these subjects, no necessity for doing so having arisen; for no controversy had taken place among them about the calling of the Gentiles. If he had made any mention of them in his discourses, he would have reminded the Ephesians of his former statements, instead of referring generally, as he now does, to common report and to his own Epistle. He did not, of his own accord, raise unnecessary disputes. It was only when the wickedness of his adversaries made it necessary, that he reluctantly undertook the defense of his ministry.Dispensation(οικονομια) means here a divine order or command, or, as it is generally expressed, acommission

McArther Bible Commentary

In this parenthetical passage, Paul interrupted the thought begun in verse Eph 3:1 to reemphasize and to expand upon the truths he had just written. He was compelled to affirm his authority for teaching the oneness of Jew and Gentile in Christ (Eph 3:2-7), a new and far-reaching truth that most of the Ephesians doubtless found difficult to comprehend or accept.

Bible Cross References

1 Corinthians 9:17 Ephesians 1:10 Ephesians 3:7 Ephesians 3:9 Ephesians 4:7 Colossians 1:25 1 Timothy 1:4

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

The apostle sets forth his office, and his qualifications for it, and his call to it.

For having preached the doctrine of truth, the apostle was a prisoner, but a prisoner of Jesus Christ; the object of special protection and care, while thus suffering for him. All the gracious offers of the gospel, and the joyful tidings it contains, come from the rich grace of God; it is the great means by which the Spirit works grace in the souls of men. The mystery, is that secret, hidden purpose of salvation through Christ. This was not so fully and clearly shown in the ages before Christ, as unto the prophets of the New Testament. This was the great truth made known to the apostle, that God would call the Gentiles to salvation by faith in Christ. An effectual working of Divine power attends the gifts of Divine grace. As God appointed Paul to the office, so he qualified him for it.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

The mystery - Of salvation by Christ alone, and that both to Jews and gentiles. As I wrote before - Namely, (Ephesians 1:9-10) ; the very words of which passage he here repeats.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

That by revelation.Some might imagine, that, in attempting to discharge the office of an apostle, he had acted rashly, and was now paying the penalty of his rashness. It was this that made him so earnest in pleading the Divine authority for all his transactions. The present instance, on account of its novelty, had few supporters; and therefore he calls it amystery.By this name he endeavors to remove the prejudice which the general displeasure at the event was fitted to excite. His own personal interest in the matter was less regarded than that of the Ephesians, who were deeply concerned in the information, that, through the settled purpose of God, they had been called by Paul’s ministry. Lest what is little known should forthwith become the object of suspicion, the wordmysteryplaces it in opposition to the perverse judgments and opinions which were then prevalent in the world.By revelation he made known to me the mystery.Paul draws the line of distinction between himself and those fanatics, who ascribe to God and to the Holy Spirit their own idle dreams. The false apostles boast of revelations, but it is a false boast. Paul was persuaded that his revelation was true, could prove it to others, and speaks of it as a fact of which no doubt could be entertained.As I wrote a little before.This refers either to a rapid glance at the same subject in the second chapter, or — which appears to be the general opinion — to another Epistle. If the former exposition be adopted, it will be proper to translate,as I wrote before in few words;for the subject had received nothing more than a passing notice; but the latter being, as I have said, the prevailing opinion, I prefer translating,as I wrote a little before.The phrase, (ἐν ὀλίγῳ,) which Erasmus has translatedin a few words,appears rather to refer to time. On this supposition there would be an implied comparison between the present and the former writings. But nothing would be more unlike the fact, than to contrast them on the score of brevity; for a more concise mode of expression than this passing glance can hardly be imagined. The phrase,a little before,seems purposely to be used as an appeal to their remembrance of a recent occurrence, though I do not insist on this point. There is more difficulty in the next verse.

Bible Cross References

Acts 22:17 Acts 22:21 Acts 26:16 Romans 11:25 Romans 16:25 1 Corinthians 2:10 2 Corinthians 12:1 Galatians 1:12 Ephesians 1:9 Ephesians 3:4 Ephesians 3:6 Ephesians 3:9 Ephesians 6:19 Colossians 1:26 Colossians 2:2 Colossians 4:3 Hebrews 13:22 1 Peter 5:12 2 Peter 3:15

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

The apostle sets forth his office, and his qualifications for it, and his call to it.

For having preached the doctrine of truth, the apostle was a prisoner, but a prisoner of Jesus Christ; the object of special protection and care, while thus suffering for him. All the gracious offers of the gospel, and the joyful tidings it contains, come from the rich grace of God; it is the great means by which the Spirit works grace in the souls of men. The mystery, is that secret, hidden purpose of salvation through Christ. This was not so fully and clearly shown in the ages before Christ, as unto the prophets of the New Testament. This was the great truth made known to the apostle, that God would call the Gentiles to salvation by faith in Christ. An effectual working of Divine power attends the gifts of Divine grace. As God appointed Paul to the office, so he qualified him for it.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

By attending to which, ye may understand,πρὸς ὃ δύνασθε ἀναγινώσκοντες νοὢσαι. Erasmus renders it, “from which things, when ye read, ye may understand.” But to translate ἀναγινώσκειν τι as signifyingto readis, I think, at variance with Greek syntax. I leave it as a subject of consideration, whether it does not rather signifyto attend. The participle would then be connected with the preposition πρὸς, in the commencement of the verse, and the clause would run thus,to which when ye attend, ye may understandIf, however, by viewing the verb ἀναγινώσκοντες, as disjoined from the preposition, you make it signifyreading,the meaning will still be, “by reading you may understand according to what I have written;” taking the phrase πρὸς ὃ,to which,as equivalent to καθ ᾿ ὃ,according to which;but I suggest this merely as a doubtful conjecture.If we adopt the view which is almost universally approved, that the apostle had formerly written to the Ephesians, this is not the only Epistle which we have lost. And yet there is no room for the sneers of the ungodly, as if the Scriptures had been mutilated, or in any part had become imperfect. If we duly consider Paul’s earnestness, — his watchfulness and care, — his zeal and fervor, — his kindness and readiness in assisting brethren, — we shall be led to regard it as highly probable that he would write many epistles, both of a public and private nature, to various places. Those which the Lord judged to be necessary for his church have been selected by his providence for everlasting remembrance. Let us rest assured, that what is left is enough for us, and that the smallness of the remaining number is not the result of accident; but that the body of Scripture, which is in our possession, has been adjusted by the wonderful counsel of God. My knowledge.The frequent mention of this point shews the necessity that the calling of ministers should be firmly believed both by themselves and by their people. But Paul looks more to others than to himself. He had everywhere indeed given great offense by preaching the gospel indiscriminately to Jews and Gentiles, but his solicitude was not chiefly on his own account. There were not a few who, overwhelmed by the slanders of wicked men, began to doubt of his apostleship, and whose faith was consequently shaken. It was this that induced him so frequently to remind the Ephesians that he knew the will and command of God who called him to the office. — In the mystery of Christ,

McArther Bible Commentary

the mystery of Christ. See notes on Eph 1:10-12; Eph 2:11-12; Mat 13:11; 1Co 2:7; Col 1:26-27. There were many truths hidden and later revealed in the NT that are called mysteries. Here is one: Jew and Gentile brought together in one body in the Messiah. For others, see notes on 1Co 15:51; Col 1:27; 1Ti 3:16. Paul not only wrote of the mystery that, in Christ, Jew and Gentile become one in God's sight and in His kingdom and family, but also explained and clarified that truth. He realized that spiritual knowledge must precede practical application. What is not properly understood cannot properly be applied.

Bible Cross References

Romans 11:25 Romans 16:25 2 Corinthians 11:6 Ephesians 3:3 Ephesians 3:9 Ephesians 6:19 Colossians 1:26 Colossians 4:3

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

The apostle sets forth his office, and his qualifications for it, and his call to it.

For having preached the doctrine of truth, the apostle was a prisoner, but a prisoner of Jesus Christ; the object of special protection and care, while thus suffering for him. All the gracious offers of the gospel, and the joyful tidings it contains, come from the rich grace of God; it is the great means by which the Spirit works grace in the souls of men. The mystery, is that secret, hidden purpose of salvation through Christ. This was not so fully and clearly shown in the ages before Christ, as unto the prophets of the New Testament. This was the great truth made known to the apostle, that God would call the Gentiles to salvation by faith in Christ. An effectual working of Divine power attends the gifts of Divine grace. As God appointed Paul to the office, so he qualified him for it.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

Which in other - In former, ages was not so clearly or fully made known to the sons of men - To any man, no, not to Ezekiel, so often styled, "son of man;" nor to any of the ancient prophets. Those here spoken of are New Testament prophets.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

Which in other ages was not made known.He had simply called it amystery,but now calls ita mystery of Christ,because it was necessary that it should remain hidden, until it was revealed by his coming; just as the appellation of “prophecies of Christ” may be given to those which relate to his kingdom. We must first explain the wordmystery,and then inquire why it is said to have remained unknown in all ages. Themysterywas,“that the Gentiles should be fellow-heirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel.” (Verse 6.)When this name is given to the gospel, it has other meanings, which do not apply to the present passage. The calling of the Gentiles, then, was a “mystery of Christ;” that is, it was to be fulfilled under the reign of Christ. But why does he affirm that it was not known, when it had been the subject of so many predictions? The prophets everywhere declare, that people shall come from every nation in the world, to worship God; that an altar shall be erected both in Assyria and in Egypt, and that all alike shall speak the language of Canaan. (Isaiah 19:18.) It is intimated by these words, that the worship of the true God, and the same profession of faith, will be everywhere diffused. Of the Messiah it is predicted, that he shall have dominion from east to west, and that all nations shall serve him. (Psalm 72:8,11.) We see also, that many passages to this purpose are quoted by the apostles, not only from the later prophets, but from Moses. How could that be hidden which had been proclaimed by so many heralds? Why are all without exception pronounced to have been in ignorance? Shall we say, that the prophets spake what they did not understand, and uttered sounds without meaning?I answer, the words of Paul must not be understood to mean that there had been no knowledge at all on these subjects. There had always been some of the Jewish nation who acknowledged that, at the advent of the Messiah, the grace of God would be proclaimed throughout the whole world, and who looked forward to the renovation of the human race. The prophets themselves, though they spoke with the certainty of revelation, left the time and manner undetermined. They knew that some communication of the grace of God would be made to the Gentiles, but at what time, in what manner, and by what means it should be accomplished, they had no information whatever. This ignorance was exemplified in a remarkable way by the apostles. They had not only been instructed by the predictions of the prophets, but had heard the distinct statement of their Master, (John 10:16,)“Other sheep I have which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice: and there shall be one fold and one shepherd;” and yet the novelty of the subject prevented them from understanding it fully. Nay, after they had received the injunction,“Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature,” (Mark 16:15,)and,“Ye shall be witnesses to me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and in Samaria, and to the uttermost part of the earth,” (Acts 1:8,)they dreaded and recoiled from the calling of the Gentiles as a proposal absolutely monstrous, because the manner of its accomplishment was still unknown. Before the actual event arrived, they had dark and confused apprehensions of our Savior’s words; for ceremonies were “a vail over their face, that they could not steadfastly look to the end of that which is abolished.” (2 Corinthians 3:13.)With unquestionable propriety, therefore, does Paul call this a mystery,and say, that it had been hidden; for the repeal of the ceremonial law, which admitted them within the vail, was not understood.As it is now revealed.To lay claim to information which none of the patriarchs, prophets, or holy kings, had possessed, might wear the aspect of arrogance. To guard against this imputation, Paul reminds them, first, that in this respect he was not alone, but shared therevelationwith the most eminent teachers of the church; and, secondly, that it was the gift of the Holy Spirit, who has a right to bestow it on whom he pleases; for there is no other limit of our knowledge but that which he assigns to us.These few words, as it is now revealed,throw additional light on the admission of the Gentiles to be the people of God. It is on the condition that they shall be placed on a level with the Jews, and form one body. That the novelty might give no offense, he states that this must be accomplishedby the gospel.(Ephesians 3:6.) Now, the gospel was itself a novelty; for it had never till now been heard of, and yet was acknowledged by all the godly to have come from heaven. Where, then, was the wonder, if, in renewing the world, God should follow an unwonted method?

McArther Bible Commentary

in other ages was not made known. Though God had promised universal blessing through Abraham (Gen 12:3), the full meaning of that promise became clear when Paul wrote Gal 3:28. Isa 49:6 predicted salvation to all races, but it was Paul who wrote of the fulfillment of that pledge (Act 13:46-47). Paul disclosed a truth that not even the greatest prophets understood-that within the church, composed of all the saved since Pentecost in one united body, there would be no racial, social, or spiritual distinctions.

Bible Cross References

Isaiah 52:15 1 Corinthians 2:10 1 Corinthians 12:28 Ephesians 2:20 2 Peter 3:2

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

The apostle sets forth his office, and his qualifications for it, and his call to it.

For having preached the doctrine of truth, the apostle was a prisoner, but a prisoner of Jesus Christ; the object of special protection and care, while thus suffering for him. All the gracious offers of the gospel, and the joyful tidings it contains, come from the rich grace of God; it is the great means by which the Spirit works grace in the souls of men. The mystery, is that secret, hidden purpose of salvation through Christ. This was not so fully and clearly shown in the ages before Christ, as unto the prophets of the New Testament. This was the great truth made known to the apostle, that God would call the Gentiles to salvation by faith in Christ. An effectual working of Divine power attends the gifts of Divine grace. As God appointed Paul to the office, so he qualified him for it.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

That the gentiles are joint - heirs - Of God. And of the same body - Under Christ the head. And joint - partakers of his promise - The communion of the Holy Ghost.

McArther Bible Commentary

Gentiles should be fellow heirs. A summary of Eph 2:11-22. See notes on 1Co 12:12-13; Gal 3:29.

Bible Cross References

Ezekiel 47:22 Romans 8:17 Galatians 3:29 Galatians 5:24 Ephesians 2:16 Ephesians 3:3 Ephesians 5:7

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

The apostle sets forth his office, and his qualifications for it, and his call to it.

For having preached the doctrine of truth, the apostle was a prisoner, but a prisoner of Jesus Christ; the object of special protection and care, while thus suffering for him. All the gracious offers of the gospel, and the joyful tidings it contains, come from the rich grace of God; it is the great means by which the Spirit works grace in the souls of men. The mystery, is that secret, hidden purpose of salvation through Christ. This was not so fully and clearly shown in the ages before Christ, as unto the prophets of the New Testament. This was the great truth made known to the apostle, that God would call the Gentiles to salvation by faith in Christ. An effectual working of Divine power attends the gifts of Divine grace. As God appointed Paul to the office, so he qualified him for it.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

According to the gift of the grace of God - That is, the apostle - ship which he hath graciously given me, and which he hath qualified me for. By the effectual working of his power - In me and by me.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

Of which I was made a minister.Having declared the gospel to be the instrument employed in communicating grace to the Gentiles, he now adds, that hewas made a ministerof the Gospel; and thus applies to himself the general statements which had been made. But, to avoid claiming for himself more than is proper, he affirms that it is the gift of the grace of God,and that this gift was an exhibition of divinepower.As if he had said, “Inquire not what I have deserved; for in the free exercise of kindness, the Lord made me an apostle of the Gentiles, not for any excellence of mine, but by his own grace. Inquire not what I formerly was; for it is the Lord’s prerogative to ‘exalt them of low degree.’” (Luke 1:52.) To produce something great out of nothing, shewsthe effectual working of his power.

McArther Bible Commentary

became a minister. No person can make himself a minister (lit. servant) of God, because the calling, message, work, and empowering of genuine ministry to and for God are His prerogative alone to give. See Act 26:16; 1Co 15:10; Col 1:23, Col 1:25, Col 1:29.

Bible Cross References

Acts 9:15 Romans 12:3 1 Corinthians 3:5 Ephesians 1:19 Ephesians 3:2 Ephesians 3:20 Colossians 1:23 Colossians 1:25

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

Also the noble purposes answered by it.

Those whom God advances to honourable employments, he makes low in their own eyes; and where God gives grace to be humble, there he gives all other needful grace. How highly he speaks of Jesus Christ; the unsearchable riches of Christ! Though many are not enriched with these riches; yet how great a favour to have them preached among us, and to have an offer of them! And if we are not enriched with them it is our own fault. The first creation, when God made all things out of nothing, and the new creation, whereby sinners are made new creatures by converting grace, are of God by Jesus Christ. His riches are as unsearchable and as sure as ever, yet while angels adore the wisdom of God in the redemption of his church, the ignorance of self-wise and carnal men deems the whole to be foolishness.

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on 2 Corinthians 12:1-4.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

Unto me, who am less than the least of all saints, is this grace given - Here are the noblest strains of eloquence to paint the exceeding low opinion the apostle had of himself, and the fulness of unfathomable blessings which are treasured up in Christ.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

To me, who am the least.He labors to exhibit himself, and everything that belongs to him, in as humiliating a light as possible, in order that the grace of God may be the more highly exalted. But this acknowledgment had the additional effect of anticipating the objections which his adversaries might bring against him. “Who is this man that God should have raised him above all his brethren? What superior excellence did he possess that he should be chosen in preference to all the others?” All such comparisons of personal worth are set aside by the confession, that he was the least of all the saints.This is no hypocritical declaration. Most men are ready enough to make professions of feigned humility, while their minds are swelled with pride, and in words to acknowledge themselves inferior to every one else, while they wish to be regarded with the highest esteem, and think themselves entitled to the highest honor. Paul is perfectly sincere in admitting his unworthiness; nay, at other times he speaks of himself in far more degrading language. “For I am the least of the apostles, and am not worthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.” (1 Corinthians 15:9.)“Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am chief” (1 Timothy 1:15.)But let us observe, that, when he speaks of himself as the meanest of all, he confines his attention to what he was in himself, apart from the grace of God. As if he had said, that his own worthlessness did not prevent him from being appointed, while others were passed by, to be the apostle of the Gentiles. The grace of God given to meis the expression used by him, to intimate that it was a peculiar gift, as compared with what had been bestowed on others. Not that he alone had been elected to discharge that office, but that he held the highest rank among “the teachers of the Gentiles,” — a title which he employs on another occasion as peculiar to himself.“I am ordained a preacher, and an apostle, (I speak the truth in Christ, and lie not,) a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth.” (1 Timothy 2:7.)By the unsearchable riches of Christ are meant the astonishing and boundless treasures of grace, which God had suddenly and unexpectedly bestowed on the Gentiles. The Ephesians are thus reminded how eagerly the gospel ought to be embraced, and how highly it ought to be esteemed. This subject has been treated in the Exposition of the Epistle to the Galatians, (Galatians 1:15, 16; 2:7, 9.) And certainly, while Paul held the office of apostleship in common with others, it was an honor peculiar to himself to be appointed apostle of the Gentiles.

McArther Bible Commentary

the least of all the saints. In light of God's perfect righteousness, Paul's assessment of himself was not false humility but simple honesty. He knew his unworthiness. See 1Ti 1:12-13 (cf. Jdg 6:15-16; Isa 6:1-9). the unsearchable riches of Christ. All God's truths, all His blessings, all that He is and has (cf. Eph 1:3; Col 2:3; 2Pe 1:3).

Bible Cross References

Acts 9:15 Romans 2:4 Romans 11:33 1 Corinthians 15:9 Ephesians 1:7 Ephesians 3:1 Ephesians 3:16 1 Timothy 1:15 1 Timothy 2:7

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

Also the noble purposes answered by it.

Those whom God advances to honourable employments, he makes low in their own eyes; and where God gives grace to be humble, there he gives all other needful grace. How highly he speaks of Jesus Christ; the unsearchable riches of Christ! Though many are not enriched with these riches; yet how great a favour to have them preached among us, and to have an offer of them! And if we are not enriched with them it is our own fault. The first creation, when God made all things out of nothing, and the new creation, whereby sinners are made new creatures by converting grace, are of God by Jesus Christ. His riches are as unsearchable and as sure as ever, yet while angels adore the wisdom of God in the redemption of his church, the ignorance of self-wise and carnal men deems the whole to be foolishness.

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on 2 Corinthians 12:1-4.

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on Philippians 2:5-8.

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on Romans 16:25.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

What is the fellowship of the mystery - What those mysterious blessings are whereof all believers jointly partake. Which was, in a great measure, hidden from eternity by God, who, to make way for the free exercise of his love, created all things - This is the foundation of all his dispensations.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

What is the fellowship of the mystery.The publication of the gospel is called afellowship,because it is the will of God that his purpose, which had formerly been hidden, shall now be shared by men. There is an appropriate metaphor in the words φωτίσαι πάντας,to enlighten all men,— conveying the thought, that, in his apostleship, the grace of God shines with the brightness of noon-day.Which hath been hid in God.This is intended, as before, to obviate the prejudice of novelty, — to oppose the rashness of men, who think it improper that they should remain in ignorance of anything whatever. Who will question the right which God has to keep his own purposes concealed, until he shall be pleased to communicate them to men? What presumption, — yea, what madness is it, not to admit that God is wiser than we! Let us remember, therefore, that our rashness ought to receive a check, whenever the boundless height of the Divine foreknowledge is presented to our view. This, too, is the reason why he calls themthe unsearchable riches of Christ;intimating that this subject, though it exceeds our capacity, ought to be contemplated with reverence and admiration.Who created all things by Jesus Christ.This cannot so properly be understood of the first creation as of the spiritual renewal. It is, no doubt, true, and is frequently declared in Scripture, that by the Word of God all things were created; but the connection of the passage lays us under the necessity of understanding by it that renewal which is comprehended in the blessing of redemption. But it may, perhaps, be thought that the apostle is illustrating this renewal, by an argument drawn from the creation. “By Christ, as God, the Father created (John 1:3) all things; and why, then, should we wonder, if by Christ, as Mediator, all the Gentiles are now brought back to one body?” I have no objection to this view. A similar argument is used by him in another Epistle.“For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, is the same who hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.” (2 Corinthians 4:6.)From the creation of the world he concludes, that it is the work of God to enlighten the darkness; but what was visible in the former case is ascribed to the Spirit, when he comes to speak of the kingdom of Christ.

McArther Bible Commentary

fellowship … mystery. See notes on verses Eph 3:4-5.

Bible Cross References

Romans 11:25 Romans 16:25 Ephesians 3:2 Ephesians 3:3 Ephesians 3:4 Ephesians 6:19 Colossians 1:26 Colossians 3:3 Colossians 4:3 Revelation 4:11

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

Also the noble purposes answered by it.

Those whom God advances to honourable employments, he makes low in their own eyes; and where God gives grace to be humble, there he gives all other needful grace. How highly he speaks of Jesus Christ; the unsearchable riches of Christ! Though many are not enriched with these riches; yet how great a favour to have them preached among us, and to have an offer of them! And if we are not enriched with them it is our own fault. The first creation, when God made all things out of nothing, and the new creation, whereby sinners are made new creatures by converting grace, are of God by Jesus Christ. His riches are as unsearchable and as sure as ever, yet while angels adore the wisdom of God in the redemption of his church, the ignorance of self-wise and carnal men deems the whole to be foolishness.

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on Romans 16:25.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

That the manifold wisdom of God might be made known by the church - By what is done in the church, which is the theatre of the divine wisdom.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

That now to the principalities and powers.Some are of opinion that these words cannot apply to angels, because such ignorance, as is here supposed, could not be found in those who are permitted to behold the brightness of God’s countenance. They choose rather to refer them to devils, but without due reflection; for what could have been regarded as extraordinary in the assertion, that, by the preaching of the gospel and the calling of the Gentiles, information was, for the first time, conveyed to devils? There can be no doubt that the apostle labors to place in the strongest light the mercy of God toward the Gentiles, and the high value of the gospel. For this purpose he declares, that the preaching of the gospel exhibits the manifold grace of God, with which, till now, the heavenly angels themselves were unacquainted. The wisdom of God, therefore, which was manifested by uniting Jews and Gentiles in the fellowship of the gospel, ought to be regarded by men with the highest admiration. He calls it πολυποίκιλον σοφίαν, manifold wisdom,because men are accustomed to try it by a false standard, confining their view to a particular department, and thus forming a most inadequate conception of the whole. The Jews thought, for example, that the dispensation under the law, with which they were acquainted and familiar, was the only form in which the wisdom of God could be seen. But, by making the gospel to be proclaimed to all men without exception, God has brought forth to view another instance and proof of his wisdom. Not that it was new wisdom, but that it was so large andmanifold,as to transcend our limited capacity. Let us rest assured that the knowledge, whatever it may be, which we have acquired, is, after all, but a slender proportion. And if the calling of the Gentiles draws the attention, and excites the reverence, of angels in heaven, how shameful that it should be slighted or disdained by men upon earth!The inference which some draw from this passage, that angels are present in our assemblies, and make progress along with ourselves in knowledge, is a groundless speculation. We must always keep in view the purposes for which God appointed the ministry of his word. If angels, who are permitted to see the face of God, do not walk in faith, neither do they need the outward administration of the word. The preaching of the gospel, therefore, is of no service but to human beings, among whom alone the practice exists. Paul’s meaning is this: “The church, composed both of Jews and Gentiles, is a mirror, in which angels behold the astonishing wisdom of God displayed in a manner unknown to them before. They see a work which is new to them, and the reason of which was hid in God. In this manner, and not by learning anything from the lips of men, do they make progress.”

McArther Bible Commentary

principalities and powers. Angels, both holy and unholy (Eph 1:21; Eph 6:12; see note on Col 1:16). God, through the church manifests His glory to all the angels. The holy angels rejoice (see Luk 15:10; cf. 1Pe 1:12) because they are involved with the church (see 1Co 11:10; Heb 1:14). Although they have no desire or capacity to praise God, even fallen angels see the glory of God in the salvation and preservation of the church. in the heavenly places. As in Eph 1:3; Eph 6:12, this refers to the entire realm of spiritual beings.

Bible Cross References

Romans 11:33 1 Corinthians 2:7 Ephesians 1:3 Ephesians 1:21 Ephesians 1:23 Ephesians 6:12 Colossians 2:10 Colossians 2:15 1 Peter 1:12

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

Also the noble purposes answered by it.

Those whom God advances to honourable employments, he makes low in their own eyes; and where God gives grace to be humble, there he gives all other needful grace. How highly he speaks of Jesus Christ; the unsearchable riches of Christ! Though many are not enriched with these riches; yet how great a favour to have them preached among us, and to have an offer of them! And if we are not enriched with them it is our own fault. The first creation, when God made all things out of nothing, and the new creation, whereby sinners are made new creatures by converting grace, are of God by Jesus Christ. His riches are as unsearchable and as sure as ever, yet while angels adore the wisdom of God in the redemption of his church, the ignorance of self-wise and carnal men deems the whole to be foolishness.

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on Romans 16:25.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

According to the eternal purpose.How carefully does he guard against the objection, that the purpose of God has been changed! A third time, he repeats that the decree was eternal and unchangeable, but must be carried into effect byChrist Jesus our Lord,because in him it was made. Thus he declares, that the proper time for publishing this decree belongs to the kingdom of Christ. Literally the words run, “according to the eternal purpose (ἣν ἐποίησοεν)which he made.” But I consider the meaning to be,which he purposed;because the present discussion does not relate solely to the execution of the decree, but to the appointment itself, which, though it took place before all ages, was known to God only — till the manifestation of Christ.

McArther Bible Commentary

the eternal purpose. The supreme purpose of the church is to glorify God, which includes the displaying of His wisdom (Eph 3:10) before the angels, who then honor Him with even greater praise.

Bible Cross References

Romans 8:28 Romans 8:30 Galatians 5:24 Ephesians 1:11 Ephesians 3:1

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

Also the noble purposes answered by it.

Those whom God advances to honourable employments, he makes low in their own eyes; and where God gives grace to be humble, there he gives all other needful grace. How highly he speaks of Jesus Christ; the unsearchable riches of Christ! Though many are not enriched with these riches; yet how great a favour to have them preached among us, and to have an offer of them! And if we are not enriched with them it is our own fault. The first creation, when God made all things out of nothing, and the new creation, whereby sinners are made new creatures by converting grace, are of God by Jesus Christ. His riches are as unsearchable and as sure as ever, yet while angels adore the wisdom of God in the redemption of his church, the ignorance of self-wise and carnal men deems the whole to be foolishness.

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on Hebrews 4:15, 16.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

By whom we have free access - Such as those petitioners have, who are introduced to the royal presence by some distinguished favourite. And boldness - Unrestrained liberty of speech, such as children use in addressing an indulgent father, when, without fear of offending, they disclose all their wants, and make known all their requests.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

Through whom we have boldness.The honor of reconciling the Father to the whole world must be given to Christ. From the effects of this grace its excellence is demonstrated; forfaith,which is possessed by Gentiles in common with Jews, admits them into the presence of God. When the words,through Christandby the faith of him,are used by Paul, in connection with the name of God, there is always an implied contrast, which shuts up every other approach, — which excludes every other method of obtaining Divine fellowship. Most important and valuable instruction is here conveyed. The true nature and power of faith, and the confidence which is necessary for calling upon God, are beautifully expressed. That the consequences of faith, and the duties which it performs, should be the subject of much controversy between us and the Papists, is not surprising. They do not properly understand the meaning of the wordFaith,which they might learn from this passage, if they were not blinded by prejudice.First, Paul denominates it the faith of Christ;by which he intimates, that everything which faith ought to contemplate is exhibited to us in Christ. Hence it follows, that an empty and confused knowledge of Christ must not be mistaken for Faith, but that knowledge which is directed to Christ, in order to seek God in Christ; and this can only be done when the power and offices of Christ are understood. Faithproduces confidence, which again, in its turn, producesboldness.There are three stages in our progress. First, we believe the promises of God; next, by relying on them, we obtain thatconfidence,which is accompanied by holiness and peace of mind; and, last of all, comesboldness,which enables us to banish fear, and to come with firmness and steadiness into the presence of God.To separate faithfromconfidencewould be an attempt to take away heat and light from the sun. I acknowledge, indeed, that, in proportion to the measure of faith, confidence is small in some and greater in others; but faith will never be found unaccompanied by these effects or fruits. A trembling, hesitating, doubting conscience, will always be a sure evidence of unbelief; but a firm, steady faith, will prove to be invincible against the gates of hell. To trust in Christ as Mediator, and to entertain a firm conviction of our heavenly Father’s love, — to venture boldly to promise to ourselves eternal life, and not to tremble at death or hell, — is, to use a common phrase, a holy presumption.Observe the expression, access with confidence.Wicked men seek rest in forgetfulness of God, and are never at ease but when they remove to the greatest possible distance from God. His own children differ from them in this respect, that they “have peace with God,” (Romans 5:1,) and approach to him with cheerfulness and delight. We infer, likewise, from this passage, that, in order to call on God in a proper manner,confidenceis necessary, and thus becomes the key that opens to us the gate of heaven. Those who doubt and hesitate will never be heard.“Let him ask in faith,” says James, “nothing wavering: for he that wavereth is like a wave of the sea driven with the wind and tossed. For let not that man think that he shall receive anything of the Lord.” (James 1:6,7)The sophists of the Sorbonne,when they enjoin men to hesitate, know not what it is to call upon God.

McArther Bible Commentary

access with confidence. Every person who comes to Christ in faith can come before God at any time, not in self-confidence but in Christ-confidence. See notes on Heb 4:15-16.

Bible Cross References

Romans 3:22 Romans 5:2 2 Corinthians 3:4 Ephesians 2:18 Hebrews 3:6 Hebrews 4:16 Hebrews 10:19 Hebrews 10:35 1 Peter 3:18 1 John 2:28 1 John 3:21

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

He prays for the Ephesians.

The apostle seems to be more anxious lest the believers should be discouraged and faint upon his tribulations, than for what he himself had to bear. He asks for spiritual blessings, which are the best blessings. Strength from the Spirit of God in the inner man; strength in the soul; the strength of faith, to serve God, and to do our duty. If the law of Christ is written in our hearts, and the love of Christ is shed abroad there, then Christ dwells there. Where his Spirit dwells, there he dwells. We should desire that good affections may be fixed in us. And how desirable to have a fixed sense of the love of God in Christ to our souls! How powerfully the apostle speaks of the love of Christ! The breadth shows its extent to all nations and ranks; the length, that it continues from everlasting to everlasting; the depth, its saving those who are sunk into the depths of sin and misery; the height, its raising them up to heavenly happiness and glory. Those who receive grace for grace from Christ's fulness, may be said to be filled with the fulness of God. Should not this satisfy man? Must he needs fill himself with a thousand trifles, fancying thereby to complete his happiness?

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

The not fainting is your glory.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

Wherefore I desire.His reason for alluding formerly to his imprisonment is now manifest. It was to prevent them from being discouraged when they heard of his persecution.O heroic breast, which drew from a prison, and from death itself, comfort to those who were not in danger! He says that, he enduredtribulations forthe Ephesians, because they tended to promote the edification of all the godly. How powerfully is the faith of the people confirmed, when a pastor does not hesitate to seal his doctrine by the surrender of his life! And accordingly he adds,which is your glory.Such lustre was thrown around his instructions, that all the churches among whom he had labored, had good reason to glory, when they beheld their faith ratified by the best of all pledges.

McArther Bible Commentary

tribulations … your glory. Through trouble and suffering, God produces glory. See note on Rom 8:18.

Bible Cross References

2 Corinthians 1:6 2 Corinthians 4:1 Ephesians 3:1

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

He prays for the Ephesians.

The apostle seems to be more anxious lest the believers should be discouraged and faint upon his tribulations, than for what he himself had to bear. He asks for spiritual blessings, which are the best blessings. Strength from the Spirit of God in the inner man; strength in the soul; the strength of faith, to serve God, and to do our duty. If the law of Christ is written in our hearts, and the love of Christ is shed abroad there, then Christ dwells there. Where his Spirit dwells, there he dwells. We should desire that good affections may be fixed in us. And how desirable to have a fixed sense of the love of God in Christ to our souls! How powerfully the apostle speaks of the love of Christ! The breadth shows its extent to all nations and ranks; the length, that it continues from everlasting to everlasting; the depth, its saving those who are sunk into the depths of sin and misery; the height, its raising them up to heavenly happiness and glory. Those who receive grace for grace from Christ's fulness, may be said to be filled with the fulness of God. Should not this satisfy man? Must he needs fill himself with a thousand trifles, fancying thereby to complete his happiness?

John Calvin Bible Commentary

For this cause.His prayers for them are mentioned, not only to testify his regard for them, but likewise to excite them to pray in the same manner; for the seed of the word is scattered in vain, unless the Lord render it fruitful by his blessing. Let pastors learn from Paul’s example, not only to admonish and exhort their people, but to entreat the Lord to bless their labors, that they may not be unfruitful. Nothing will be gained by their industry and toil, — all their study and application will be to no purpose, except so far as the Lord bestows his blessing. This ought not to be regarded by them as an encouragement to sloth. It is their duty, on the contrary, to labor earnestly in sowing and watering, provided they, at the same time, ask and expect the increase from the Lord.We are thus enabled to refute the slanders of the Pelagians and Papists, who argue, that, if the grace of the Holy Spirit performs the whole work of enlightening our minds, and forming our hearts to obedience, all instruction will be superfluous. The only effect of the enlightening and renewing influences of the Holy Spirit is, to give to instruction its proper weight and efficacy, that we may not be blind to the light of heaven, or deaf to the strains of truth. While the Lord alone acts upon us, he acts by his own instruments. It is therefore the duty of pastors diligently to teach, — of the people, earnestly to receive instruction, — and of both, not to weary themselves in unprofitable exertions, but to look up for Divine aid. I bow my knees.The bodily attitude is here put for the religious exercise itself. Not that prayer, in all cases, requires the bending of the knees, but because this expression of reverence is commonly employed, especially where it is not an incidental petition, but a continued prayer.

McArther Bible Commentary

For this reason. Paul repeated what he wrote in verse Eph 3:1 (see note there) as he began his prayer. Because of their new identity in Christ, stated in chapter 2, believers are spiritually alive (Eph 3:5), they are unified into God's household (Eph 3:19), and, as the church, they are the dwelling place of God, built on the words and work of the apostles and prophets (Eph 3:20-22). I bow my knees. This is not instructing a physical posture during prayer, but suggesting an attitude of submission, reverence, and intense passion (cf. Ezr 9:5-6; Psa 95:1-6; Dan 6:10; Act 20:36).

Bible Cross References

Ephesians 3:15 Philippians 2:10

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

He prays for the Ephesians.

The apostle seems to be more anxious lest the believers should be discouraged and faint upon his tribulations, than for what he himself had to bear. He asks for spiritual blessings, which are the best blessings. Strength from the Spirit of God in the inner man; strength in the soul; the strength of faith, to serve God, and to do our duty. If the law of Christ is written in our hearts, and the love of Christ is shed abroad there, then Christ dwells there. Where his Spirit dwells, there he dwells. We should desire that good affections may be fixed in us. And how desirable to have a fixed sense of the love of God in Christ to our souls! How powerfully the apostle speaks of the love of Christ! The breadth shows its extent to all nations and ranks; the length, that it continues from everlasting to everlasting; the depth, its saving those who are sunk into the depths of sin and misery; the height, its raising them up to heavenly happiness and glory. Those who receive grace for grace from Christ's fulness, may be said to be filled with the fulness of God. Should not this satisfy man? Must he needs fill himself with a thousand trifles, fancying thereby to complete his happiness?

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on Genesis 1:26.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

Of whom - The Father. The whole family of angels in heaven, saints in paradise, and believers on earth is named. Being the "children of God," (a more honourable title than "children of Abraham,") and depending on him as the Father of the family.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

Of whom the whole family. The relative, ἐξ οὗ,of whom,may apply equally to the Father and to the Son. Erasmus restricts it entirely to the Father. I do not approve of this; for readers ought to have been allowed a liberty of choice; nay, the other interpretation appears to be far more probable. The apostle alludes to that relationship which the Jews had with each other, through their father Abraham, to whom they trace their lineage. He proposes, on the contrary, to remove the distinction between Jews and Gentiles; and tells them, not only that all men have been brought into one family and one race through Christ, but that they are enabled to claim kindred even with angels.To apply it to God the Father would not be equally defensible, being liable to this obvious exception, that God formerly passed by the Gentiles, and adopted the Jews as his peculiar people. But when we apply it to Christ, the whole of Paul’s statement agrees with the facts; for all come and blend together, as one family, and, related to one God the Father, are mutually brethren. Let us therefore understand that, through the mediation of Christ, a relationship has been constituted between Jews and Gentiles, because, by reconciling us to the Father, he has made us all one. Jews have no longer any reason to boast that they are the posterity of Abraham, or that they belong to this or that tribe, — to despise others as profane, and claim the exclusive honor of being a holy people. There is but one relationship which ought to be reckoned, both in heaven and on earth, both among angels and among men — a union to the body of Christ. Out of him all will be found scattered. He alone is the bond by which we are united.

McArther Bible Commentary

whole family in heaven and earth is named. Paul was not teaching the universal fatherhood of God and the universal brotherhood of man (cf. Joh 8:39-42; 1Jn 3:10), but was simply referring to believers from every era of history, those who are dead (in heaven) and those who are alive (on earth).

Bible Cross References

Ephesians 1:10 Ephesians 3:14 Ephesians 3:16

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

He prays for the Ephesians.

The apostle seems to be more anxious lest the believers should be discouraged and faint upon his tribulations, than for what he himself had to bear. He asks for spiritual blessings, which are the best blessings. Strength from the Spirit of God in the inner man; strength in the soul; the strength of faith, to serve God, and to do our duty. If the law of Christ is written in our hearts, and the love of Christ is shed abroad there, then Christ dwells there. Where his Spirit dwells, there he dwells. We should desire that good affections may be fixed in us. And how desirable to have a fixed sense of the love of God in Christ to our souls! How powerfully the apostle speaks of the love of Christ! The breadth shows its extent to all nations and ranks; the length, that it continues from everlasting to everlasting; the depth, its saving those who are sunk into the depths of sin and misery; the height, its raising them up to heavenly happiness and glory. Those who receive grace for grace from Christ's fulness, may be said to be filled with the fulness of God. Should not this satisfy man? Must he needs fill himself with a thousand trifles, fancying thereby to complete his happiness?

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

The riches of his glory - The immense fulness of his glorious wisdom, power, and mercy. The inner man - The soul.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

That he would give to you.Paul wishes that the Ephesians should bestrengthened;and yet he had already bestowed on their piety no mean commendation. But believers have never advanced so far as not to need farther growth. The highest perfection of the godly in this life is an earnest desire to make progress. Thisstrengthening,he tells us, is the work of theSpirit;so that it does not proceed from man’s own ability. The increase, as well as the commencement, of everything good in us, comes from the Holy Spirit. That it is the gift of Divine grace, is evident from the expression used,that he would give to youThis the Papists utterly deny. They maintain that thesecondgrace is bestowed upon us, according as we have individually deserved it, by making a proper use of thefirstgrace. But let us unite with Paul in acknowledging that it is the “gift” of the grace of God, not only that we have begun to run well, but that we advance; not only that we have been born again, but that we grow from day to day.According to the riches of his glory.These words are intended to express still more strongly the doctrine of Divine grace. They may be explained in two ways: either,according to his glorious riches,making the genitive, agreeably to the Hebrew idiom, supply the place of an adjective, — or,according to his rich and abundant glory.The wordglorywill thus be put formercy,in accordance with an expression which he had formerly used, “to the praise of the glory of his grace.” (Ephesians 1:6) I prefer the latter view.In the inner man.Bythe inner man,Paul means the soul, and whatever relates to the spiritual life of the soul; as theoutwardman denotes the body, with everything that belongs to it, — health, honors, riches, vigor, beauty, and everything of that nature. “Though our outward man perish, yet our inward man is renewed day by day;” that is, if in worldly matters we decay, our spiritual life becomes more and more vigorous. (2 Corinthians 4:16) The prayer of Paul, that the saints may bestrengthened,does not mean that they may be eminent and flourishing in the world, but that, with respect to the kingdom of God, their minds may be made strong by Divine power.

McArther Bible Commentary

that He would grant you. Paul's prayers are almost always for the spiritual welfare of others (cf. Php 1:4; Col 1:9-11; 1Th 1:2). according to the riches of His glory. They are limitless and available to every believer. strengthened … His Spirit in the inner man. Spiritual power is a mark of every Christian who submits to God's Word and Spirit. It is not reserved for some special class of Christian, but for all those who discipline their minds and spirits to study the Word, understand it, and live by it. Although the outer, physical person becomes weaker with age (cf. 2Co 4:16), the inner, spiritual person should grow stronger through the Holy Spirit, who will energize, revitalize, and empower the obedient, committed Christian (cf. Act 1:8; Rom 8:5-9, Rom 8:13; Gal 5:16).

Bible Cross References

Romans 7:22 Romans 9:23 1 Corinthians 16:13 2 Corinthians 12:9 Ephesians 1:7 Ephesians 1:18 Ephesians 3:8 Ephesians 3:15 Philippians 4:13 Colossians 1:11 Colossians 1:27 Colossians 2:2

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

He prays for the Ephesians.

The apostle seems to be more anxious lest the believers should be discouraged and faint upon his tribulations, than for what he himself had to bear. He asks for spiritual blessings, which are the best blessings. Strength from the Spirit of God in the inner man; strength in the soul; the strength of faith, to serve God, and to do our duty. If the law of Christ is written in our hearts, and the love of Christ is shed abroad there, then Christ dwells there. Where his Spirit dwells, there he dwells. We should desire that good affections may be fixed in us. And how desirable to have a fixed sense of the love of God in Christ to our souls! How powerfully the apostle speaks of the love of Christ! The breadth shows its extent to all nations and ranks; the length, that it continues from everlasting to everlasting; the depth, its saving those who are sunk into the depths of sin and misery; the height, its raising them up to heavenly happiness and glory. Those who receive grace for grace from Christ's fulness, may be said to be filled with the fulness of God. Should not this satisfy man? Must he needs fill himself with a thousand trifles, fancying thereby to complete his happiness?

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on 1 John 3:1.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

Dwell - That is, constantly and sensibly abide.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

That Christ may dwell.He explains what is meant by “the strength of the inner man.” As“it pleased the Father that in him should all fullness dwell,” (Colossians 1:19,)so he who has Christ dwelling in him can want nothing. It is a mistake to imagine that the Spirit can be obtained without obtaining Christ; and it is equally foolish and absurd to dream that we can receive Christ without the Spirit. Both doctrines must be believed. We are partakers of the Holy Spirit, in proportion to the intercourse which we maintain with Christ; for the Spirit will be found nowhere but in Christ, on whom he is said, on that account, to have rested; for he himself says, by the prophet Isaiah, “The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me.” (Isaiah 61:1;Luke 4:18.) But neither can Christ be separated from his Spirit; for then he would be said to be dead, and to have lost all his power.Justly, therefore, does Paul affirm that the persons who are endowed by God with spiritual vigor are those in whom Christ dwells.He points to that part in which Christ peculiarly dwells, in your hearts,— to show that it is not enough if the knowledge of Christ dwell on the tongue or flutter in the brain.May dwell through faith.The method by which so great a benefit is obtained is also expressed. What a remarkable commendation is here bestowed onfaith,that, by means of it, the Son of God becomes our own, and “makes his abode with us!” (John 14:23.) By faith we not only acknowledge that Christ suffered and rose from the dead on our account, but, accepting the offers which he makes of himself, we possess and enjoy him as our Savior. This deserves our careful attention. Most people consider fellowship with Christ, and believing in Christ, to be the same thing; but the fellowship which we have with Christ is the consequence of faith. In a word, faith is not a distant view, but a warm embrace, of Christ, by which he dwells in us, and we are filled with the Divine Spirit.That ye may be rooted and grounded in love.Among the fruits of Christ’s dwelling in us the apostle enumerates love and gratitude for the Divine grace and kindness exhibited to us in Christ. Hence it follows, that this is true and solid excellence; so that, whenever he treats of the perfection of the saints, he views it as consisting of these two parts. The firmness and constancy which our love ought to possess are pointed out by two metaphors. There are many persons not wholly destitute of love; but it is easily removed or shaken, because its roots are not deep. Paul desires that it should be rooted and grounded,— thoroughly fixed in our minds, so as to resemble a well-founded building or deeply-planted tree. The true meaning is, that our roots ought to be so deeply planted, and our foundation so firmly laid in love, that nothing will be able to shake us. It is idle to infer from these words, that love is the foundation and root of our salvation. Paul does not inquire here, as any one may perceive, on what our salvation is founded, but with what firmness and constancy we ought to continue in the exercise of love.

McArther Bible Commentary

that Christ may dwell in your hearts. Every believer is indwelt by Christ at the moment of salvation (Rom 8:9; 1Co 12:13), but He is "at home," finding comfort and satisfaction, only where hearts are cleansed of sin and filled with His Spirit (cf. Joh 14:23). through faith. This speaks of Christians' continuing trust in Christ to exercise His lordship over them. rooted and grounded in love. I.e., established on the strong foundation of self-giving, serving love for God and for His people (cf. Mat 22:37-39; 1Jn 4:9-12, 1Jn 4:19-21).

Bible Cross References

John 14:23 Romans 8:9 Romans 8:10 1 Corinthians 3:6 2 Corinthians 13:5 Ephesians 2:22 Colossians 1:23 Colossians 2:7

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

He prays for the Ephesians.

The apostle seems to be more anxious lest the believers should be discouraged and faint upon his tribulations, than for what he himself had to bear. He asks for spiritual blessings, which are the best blessings. Strength from the Spirit of God in the inner man; strength in the soul; the strength of faith, to serve God, and to do our duty. If the law of Christ is written in our hearts, and the love of Christ is shed abroad there, then Christ dwells there. Where his Spirit dwells, there he dwells. We should desire that good affections may be fixed in us. And how desirable to have a fixed sense of the love of God in Christ to our souls! How powerfully the apostle speaks of the love of Christ! The breadth shows its extent to all nations and ranks; the length, that it continues from everlasting to everlasting; the depth, its saving those who are sunk into the depths of sin and misery; the height, its raising them up to heavenly happiness and glory. Those who receive grace for grace from Christ's fulness, may be said to be filled with the fulness of God. Should not this satisfy man? Must he needs fill himself with a thousand trifles, fancying thereby to complete his happiness?

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on 1 John 3:1.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

That being rooted and grounded - That is, deeply fixed and firmly established, in love. Ye may comprehend - So far as an human mind is capable. What is the breadth of the love of Christ - Embracing all mankind. And length - From everlasting to everlasting. And depth - Not to be fathomed by any creature. And height - Not to be reached by any enemy.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

May be able to comprehend.The second fruit is, that the Ephesians should perceive the greatness of Christ’s love to men. Such an apprehension or knowledge springs from faith. By desiring that they should comprehend itwith all saints,he shows that it is the most excellent blessing which they can obtain in the present life; that it is the highest wisdom, to which all the children of God aspire. What follows is sufficiently clear in itself, but has hitherto been darkened by a variety of interpretations. Augustine is quite delighted with his own acuteness, which throws no light on the subject. Endeavouring to discover some kind of mysterious allusion to the figure of the cross, he makes thebreadthto be love, — theheight,hope, — thelength,patience, and thedepth,humility. This is very ingenious and entertaining: but what has it to do with Paul’s meaning? Not more, certainly, than the opinion of Ambrose, that the allusion is to the figure of a sphere. Laying aside the views of others, I shall state what will be universally acknowledged to be the simple and true meaning.

McArther Bible Commentary

able to comprehend. A believer cannot understand the fullness of God's love apart from genuine, Spirit-empowered love in his own life. with all the saints. Love is both granted to (Rom 5:5; 1Th 4:9) and commanded of (Joh 13:34-35) every Christian, not just those who have a naturally pleasant temperament or have great spiritual maturity. width … length … depth … height. Not four different features of love, but an effort to suggest its vastness and completeness.

Bible Cross References

Job 11:8 Ephesians 1:15

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

He prays for the Ephesians.

The apostle seems to be more anxious lest the believers should be discouraged and faint upon his tribulations, than for what he himself had to bear. He asks for spiritual blessings, which are the best blessings. Strength from the Spirit of God in the inner man; strength in the soul; the strength of faith, to serve God, and to do our duty. If the law of Christ is written in our hearts, and the love of Christ is shed abroad there, then Christ dwells there. Where his Spirit dwells, there he dwells. We should desire that good affections may be fixed in us. And how desirable to have a fixed sense of the love of God in Christ to our souls! How powerfully the apostle speaks of the love of Christ! The breadth shows its extent to all nations and ranks; the length, that it continues from everlasting to everlasting; the depth, its saving those who are sunk into the depths of sin and misery; the height, its raising them up to heavenly happiness and glory. Those who receive grace for grace from Christ's fulness, may be said to be filled with the fulness of God. Should not this satisfy man? Must he needs fill himself with a thousand trifles, fancying thereby to complete his happiness?

EGW SDA Bible Commentary

. See EGW on 1 John 3:1.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

And to know - But the apostle corrects himself, and immediately observes, it cannot be fully known. This only we know, that the love of Christ surpasses all knowledge. That ye may be filled - Which is the sum of all. With all the fulness of God - With all his light, love, wisdom, holiness, power, and glory. A perfection far beyond a bare freedom from sin.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

And to know the love of Christ.By those dimensions Paul means nothing else than the love of Christ, of which he speaks afterwards. The meaning is, that he whoknowsit fully and perfectly is in every respect a wise man. As if he had said, “In whatever direction men may look, they will find nothing in the doctrine of salvation that does not bear some relation to this subject.” The love of Christ contains within itself the whole of wisdom, so that the words may run thus:that ye may be able to comprehend the love of Christ, which is the length and breadth, and depth, and height,that is, the complete perfection of all wisdom. The metaphor is borrowed from mathematicians, taking the parts as expressive of the whole. Almost all men are infected with the disease of desiring to obtain useless knowledge. It is of great importance that we should be told what is necessary for us to know, and what the Lord desires us to contemplate, above and below, on the right hand and on the left, before and behind. The love of Christ is held out to us as the subject which ought to occupy our daily and nightly meditations, and in which we ought to be wholly plunged. He who is in possession of this alone has enough. Beyond it there is nothing solid, nothing useful, — nothing, in short, that is proper or sound. Though you survey the heaven and earth and sea, you will never go beyond this without overstepping the lawful boundary of wisdom.Which surpasseth knowledge.A similar expression occurs in another Epistle:“the peace of God, which surpasseth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.” (Philippians 4:7)No man can approach to God without being raised above himself and above the world. On this ground the sophists refuse to admit that we can know with certainty that we enjoy the grace of God; for they measure faith by the perception of the bodily senses. But Paul justly contends that this wisdom exceeds all knowledge; for, if the faculties of man could reach it, the prayer of Paul that God would bestow it must have been unnecessary. Let us remember, therefore, that the certainty of faith is knowledge, but is acquired by the teaching of the Holy Spirit, not by the acuteness of our own intellect. If the reader desire a more full discussion of this subject, he may consult the “Institutes of the Christian Religion.” That ye may be filled.Paul now expresses in one word what he meant by the various dimensions. He who has Christ has everything necessary for being made perfect in God; for this is the meaning of the phrase, the fullness of God.Men do certainly imagine that they have entire completeness in themselves, but it is only when their pride is swelled with empty trifles. It is a foolish and wicked dream, that bythe fullness of Godis meant the full Godhead, as if men were raised to an equality with God.

McArther Bible Commentary

to know the love of Christ. Not the love believers have for Christ, but the love of and from Christ that He places in their hearts before they can truly and fully love Him or anyone else (Rom 5:5). which passes knowledge. Knowledge of Christ's love is far beyond the capability of human reason and experience. It is only known by those who are God's children (cf. Php 4:7). filled with all the fullness of God. To be so strong spiritually, so compelled by divine love, that one is totally dominated by the Lord with nothing left of self. Human comprehension of the fullness of God is impossible, because even the most spiritual and wise believer cannot completely grasp the full extent of God's attributes and characteristics-His power, majesty, wisdom, love, mercy, patience, kindness, and everything He is and does. But believers can experience the greatness of God in their lives as a result of total devotion to Him. Note the fullness of God, here; the fullness of Christ in Eph 4:13; and the fullness of the Spirit in Eph 5:18. Paul prayed for believers to become as godlike as possible (Mat 5:48; 1Pe 1:15-16).

Bible Cross References

John 1:16 Romans 8:35 Romans 8:39 Ephesians 1:23 Philippians 4:7 Colossians 2:10 1 Peter 1:8

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

And adds a thanksgiving.

It is proper always to end prayers with praises. Let us expect more, and ask for more, encouraged by what Christ has already done for our souls, being assured that the conversion of sinners, and the comfort of believers, will be to his glory, for ever and ever.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

Now to him - This doxology is admirably adapted to strengthen our faith, that we may not stagger at the great things the apostle has been praying for, as if they were too much for God to give, or for us to expect from him. That is able - Here is a most beautiful gradation. When he has given us exceeding, yea, abundant blessings, still we may ask for more. And he is able to do it. But we may think of more than we have asked. He is able to do this also. Yea, and above all this. Above all we ask - Above all we can think. Nay, exceedingly, abundantly above all that we can either ask or think.

John Calvin Bible Commentary

Now to him.He now breaks out into thanksgiving, which serves the additional purpose of exhorting the Ephesians to maintain “good hope through grace,” (2 Thessalonians 2:16,) and to endeavor constantly to obtain more and more adequate conceptions of the value of the grace of God.Who is able. This refers to the future, and agrees with what we are taught concerning hope; and indeed we cannot offer to God proper or sincere thanksgivings for favors received, unless we are convinced that his goodness to us will be without end. When he says that God isable,he does not mean power viewed apart, as the phrase is, from the act, but power which is exerted, and which we actually feel. Believers ought always to connect it with the work, when the promises made to them, and their own salvation, form the subject of inquiry. Whatever God can do, he unquestionably will do, if he has promised it. This the apostle proves both by former instances, and by the efficacy of the Spirit, which was at this very time exerted on their own minds.According to the power that worketh in us,— according to what we feel within ourselves; for every benefit which God bestows upon us is a manifestation of his grace, and love, and power, in consequence of which we ought to cherish a stronger confidence for the future. Exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think,is a remarkable expression, and bids us entertain no fear lest faith of a proper kind should go to excess. Whatever expectations we form of Divine blessings, the infinite goodness of God will exceed all our wishes and all our thoughts.

McArther Bible Commentary

When the conditions of verses Eph 3:16-19 are met, God's power working in and through believers is unlimited and far beyond their comprehension.

Bible Cross References

1 Kings 3:13 Romans 16:25 2 Corinthians 9:8 Ephesians 3:7

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary

And adds a thanksgiving.

It is proper always to end prayers with praises. Let us expect more, and ask for more, encouraged by what Christ has already done for our souls, being assured that the conversion of sinners, and the comfort of believers, will be to his glory, for ever and ever.

John Wesley's Bible Commentary

In the church - On earth and in heaven.

McArther Bible Commentary

to Him be glory. Only when His children meet this level of faithfulness will Christ be fully glorified with the honor He deserves from His church.

Bible Cross References

Romans 11:36 Ephesians 4:1