1 The word of the Lord came again unto me, saying,

Son of man, there were two women, the daughters of one mother:

And they committed whoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their youth: there were their breasts pressed, and there they bruised the teats of their virginity.

And the names of them were Aholah the elder, and Aholibah her sister: and they were mine, and they bare sons and daughters. Thus were their names; Samaria is Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholibah.

And Aholah played the harlot when she was mine; and she doted on her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbours,

Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses.

Thus she committed her whoredoms with them, with all them that were the chosen men of Assyria, and with all on whom she doted: with all their idols she defiled herself.

Neither left she her whoredoms brought from Egypt: for in her youth they lay with her, and they bruised the breasts of her virginity, and poured their whoredom upon her.

Wherefore I have delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted.

10 These discovered her nakedness: they took her sons and her daughters, and slew her with the sword: and she became famous among women; for they had executed judgment upon her.

11 And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister in her whoredoms.

12 She doted upon the Assyrians her neighbours, captains and rulers clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding upon horses, all of them desirable young men.

13 Then I saw that she was defiled, that they took both one way,

14 And that she increased her whoredoms: for when she saw men pourtrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans pourtrayed with vermilion,

15 Girded with girdles upon their loins, exceeding in dyed attire upon their heads, all of them princes to look to, after the manner of the Babylonians of Chaldea, the land of their nativity:

16 And as soon as she saw them with her eyes, she doted upon them, and sent messengers unto them into Chaldea.

17 And the Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they defiled her with their whoredom, and she was polluted with them, and her mind was alienated from them.

18 So she discovered her whoredoms, and discovered her nakedness: then my mind was alienated from her, like as my mind was alienated from her sister.

19 Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.

20 For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.

21 Thus thou calledst to remembrance the lewdness of thy youth, in bruising thy teats by the Egyptians for the paps of thy youth.

22 Therefore, O Aholibah, thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I will raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy mind is alienated, and I will bring them against thee on every side;

23 The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.

24 And they shall come against thee with chariots, wagons, and wheels, and with an assembly of people, which shall set against thee buckler and shield and helmet round about: and I will set judgment before them, and they shall judge thee according to their judgments.

25 And I will set my jealousy against thee, and they shall deal furiously with thee: they shall take away thy nose and thine ears; and thy remnant shall fall by the sword: they shall take thy sons and thy daughters; and thy residue shall be devoured by the fire.

26 They shall also strip thee out of thy clothes, and take away thy fair jewels.

27 Thus will I make thy lewdness to cease from thee, and thy whoredom brought from the land of Egypt: so that thou shalt not lift up thine eyes unto them, nor remember Egypt any more.

28 For thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I will deliver thee into the hand of them whom thou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy mind is alienated:

29 And they shall deal with thee hatefully, and shall take away all thy labour, and shall leave thee naked and bare: and the nakedness of thy whoredoms shall be discovered, both thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.

30 I will do these things unto thee, because thou hast gone a whoring after the heathen, and because thou art polluted with their idols.

31 Thou hast walked in the way of thy sister; therefore will I give her cup into thine hand.

32 Thus saith the Lord God; Thou shalt drink of thy sister's cup deep and large: thou shalt be laughed to scorn and had in derision; it containeth much.

33 Thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of thy sister Samaria.

34 Thou shalt even drink it and suck it out, and thou shalt break the sherds thereof, and pluck off thine own breasts: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord God.

35 Therefore thus saith the Lord God; Because thou hast forgotten me, and cast me behind thy back, therefore bear thou also thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.

36 The Lord said moreover unto me; Son of man, wilt thou judge Aholah and Aholibah? yea, declare unto them their abominations;

37 That they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands, and with their idols have they committed adultery, and have also caused their sons, whom they bare unto me, to pass for them through the fire, to devour them.

38 Moreover this they have done unto me: they have defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my sabbaths.

39 For when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and, lo, thus have they done in the midst of mine house.

40 And furthermore, that ye have sent for men to come from far, unto whom a messenger was sent; and, lo, they came: for whom thou didst wash thyself, paintedst thy eyes, and deckedst thyself with ornaments,

41 And satest upon a stately bed, and a table prepared before it, whereupon thou hast set mine incense and mine oil.

42 And a voice of a multitude being at ease was with her: and with the men of the common sort were brought Sabeans from the wilderness, which put bracelets upon their hands, and beautiful crowns upon their heads.

43 Then said I unto her that was old in adulteries, Will they now commit whoredoms with her, and she with them?

44 Yet they went in unto her, as they go in unto a woman that playeth the harlot: so went they in unto Aholah and unto Aholibah, the lewd women.

45 And the righteous men, they shall judge them after the manner of adulteresses, and after the manner of women that shed blood; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.

46 For thus saith the Lord God; I will bring up a company upon them, and will give them to be removed and spoiled.

47 And the company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire.

48 Thus will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness.

49 And they shall recompense your lewdness upon you, and ye shall bear the sins of your idols: and ye shall know that I am the Lord God.

Commentary

Verse 1

Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 22:31 Ezekiel 23:2

Verse 2

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Two women - Judah, and Israel, two kingdoms.
McArther Bible Commentary
two women. This chapter describes the spiritual infidelity of Israel and Judah, pictured as two sisters, to convey the gravity of sin in Judah. "One mother" refers to the united kingdom, while "two women" refers to the divided kingdom. Oholah, meaning "Her own tabernacle," as she had her separate dwelling-place apart from the temple, represents Samaria. In the Northern Kingdom, Jeroboam had set up worship, which God rejected. Oholibah, "My tabernacle is in her," represents Jerusalem, where God did establish worship.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 16:45 Ezekiel 16:46 Ezekiel 23:1

Verse 3

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Whoredoms - Idolatry.
Bible Cross References
Revelation 11:8 Leviticus 17:7 Jeremiah 3:9 Ezekiel 23:4 Ezekiel 23:8 Ezekiel 23:21 Ezekiel 23:43 Hosea 1:2

Verse 4

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Aholah - That is, his own tabernacle; for Israel falling off from the house of David, fell off from the tabernacle, or temple of God; so that all the temple they had was of their own making. The elder - Greater for number of tribes, and for power, wealth, and for multitudes of people. Aholibah - That is, my tabernacle in her: the two tribes had the temple of God with them. Mine - By solemn marriage - covenant. Bare sons - Were fruitful and brought forth children to me; they increased in numbers of people; and among these, some there were that were children of God by faith, love, and obedience.
Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 3:6 Ezekiel 16:46 Ezekiel 23:3 Ezekiel 23:5 Ezekiel 23:36 Ezekiel 23:44 Hosea 1:3 Hosea 2:7

Verse 5

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Played the harlot - United in idolatry, with the Assyrians. Mine - When under my government, and protection.
McArther Bible Commentary
Oholah played the harlot. The northern kingdom of Israel was a harlot, in a spiritual sense, by seeking military, political union for fulfillment and security purposes with idolatrous, young, wealthy, attractive Assyria, who turned on Israel (Eze 23:10), conquered her, and deported Israel in 722 B.C. (2 Kin. 17).
Bible Cross References
2 Kings 15:19 2 Kings 16:7 2 Kings 17:3 Ezekiel 16:28 Ezekiel 23:4 Hosea 5:13 Hosea 8:9 Hosea 8:10

Verse 6

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Horsemen - Skillful in riding, and well furnished with choice horses.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 23:12 Ezekiel 23:13

Verse 7

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
With all - Other nations, with whom she had commerce.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 20:7 Ezekiel 22:3 Ezekiel 22:4 Hosea 5:3 Hosea 6:10

Verse 8

Bible Cross References
Revelation 11:8 Exodus 32:4 1 Kings 12:28 2 Kings 10:29 2 Kings 17:16 Ezekiel 23:3 Ezekiel 23:19

Verse 9

Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 4:30 Ezekiel 16:37 Ezekiel 23:18 Ezekiel 23:22

Verse 10

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Discovered - Stript her naked, and exposed her to shame. Took her sons - Captives. Slew her - The kingdom of Israel, under Hoshea, was by Salmanesar utterly destroyed. They - The Assyrians, had executed God's just displeasure upon her.
Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 4:30 Ezekiel 16:37 Ezekiel 16:41 Ezekiel 23:18

Verse 11

McArther Bible Commentary
more corrupt. Cf. Eze 16:47. The focus is Judah's (the Southern Kingdom) craving for Babylonian idolatry that alienated her from God. Judah learned nothing from Israel's punishment (Eze 23:13).
Bible Cross References
Genesis 38:24 Jeremiah 3:8 Jeremiah 3:11 Ezekiel 16:51

Verse 12

McArther Bible Commentary
Assyrians. Ahaz placed Judah under the protection of Assyria (2Ki 16:7-10), a political move denounced by Isaiah (Isa 7:13-17).
Bible Cross References
2 Kings 16:7 Ezekiel 16:28 Ezekiel 23:6 Ezekiel 23:13

Verse 13

Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 23:6 Ezekiel 23:12 Ezekiel 23:14

Verse 14

McArther Bible Commentary
Chaldeans. Judah was drawn to portraits of Babylonian men, done in brilliant colors, lusting for the Chaldean lifestyle. Their social and political alliance led to spiritual defection.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 8:10 Ezekiel 16:29 Ezekiel 23:13 Ezekiel 23:15 Ezekiel 23:23 Nahum 2:3

Verse 15

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Girded - With soldiers belts, which includes the rest of the habit of soldiers. In dyed attire - Both rich, comely, large, and of divers colours. Princes - Of princely aspect and majesty.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 23:14 Ezekiel 23:16 Nahum 2:3

Verse 16

Bible Cross References
Matthew 5:28 Isaiah 57:9 Ezekiel 23:15 Ezekiel 23:20

Verse 17

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Alienated - She grew weary of the Chaldeans.
McArther Bible Commentary
into the bed of love. The description graphically portrays spiritual unfaithfulness (Eze 23:30).
Bible Cross References
Genesis 38:24 2 Kings 24:17 Ezekiel 16:37 Ezekiel 23:28

Verse 18

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Discovered - Made it appear to all, far and near.
Bible Cross References
Psalm 78:59 Psalm 106:40 Isaiah 57:8 Jeremiah 6:8 Jeremiah 8:12 Jeremiah 12:8 Ezekiel 21:24 Ezekiel 23:9 Ezekiel 23:10 Ezekiel 23:19 Amos 5:21

Verse 19

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
By - Remembering her idolatries in Egypt, her alliance with it in days past, which she now resolved to act over again.
McArther Bible Commentary
Judah renewed her old sins from the days of Egypt, returning to her first degradation.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 38:24 Ezekiel 23:8 Ezekiel 23:18 Ezekiel 23:20

Verse 20

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Paramours - The nations, that were confederate with the Egyptians.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 16:26 Ezekiel 17:15 Ezekiel 23:16 Ezekiel 23:19

Verse 21

Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 3:9 Ezekiel 23:3 Ezekiel 23:22

Verse 22

McArther Bible Commentary
stir up your lovers. God's anger at Judah's sin prompted His bringing the Babylonians and others to deal severely with her. The passage sets forth how Judah's companion nations were the instruments of her judgment.
Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 12:9 Ezekiel 16:37 Ezekiel 23:9 Ezekiel 23:21 Ezekiel 23:23 Ezekiel 23:28

Verse 23

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Pekod - Pekod is the province between Tigris, and Lycus; in this was old Nineveh. Shoa - Either Sia in Armenia, or the Sohia, among which were the Adiabeni, and this contained the middle part of the kingdom of Babylon. Koa - This bordered upon Media, the inhabitants were called Kohai, and dwelt about Arbela. And all - All subjects of the Assyrian monarchy.
McArther Bible Commentary
Pekod, Shoa, Koa. Three different Aramean tribes.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 2:14 Genesis 25:18 2 Kings 20:14 2 Kings 24:2 Ezra 6:22 Job 1:17 Isaiah 23:13 Jeremiah 50:21 Ezekiel 21:19 Ezekiel 23:14 Ezekiel 23:22

Verse 24

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And wheels - Lest in their march the carriage wheels should break, a store of these were provided. An assembly - A mighty confluence of people. I will set - Give them a power in right of conquest over their rebels, as well as mine, and I will give them a spirit of judgment to discern the greatness of this people's sins. Judge - Condemn, and execute sentence upon thee. According - To their will, power, wrath, and custom, against rebels; for these are their rules of judgment.
Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 39:5 Jeremiah 39:6 Jeremiah 47:3 Ezekiel 16:38 Ezekiel 23:45 Ezekiel 26:7 Ezekiel 26:10 Nahum 2:3 Nahum 2:4

Verse 25

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
I will set my jealousy - As a jealous provoked husband, I will be as much against thee as they are. Thy residue - Either the people, who hid themselves in vaults and cellars, or what the Chaldeans cannot carry away, all this shall be devoured by fire.
McArther Bible Commentary
remove your nose … your ears. Atrocities by the Babylonians would include facial dismemberment, the ancient punishment for an adulteress practiced in Egypt, Chaldea, and elsewhere.
Bible Cross References
Exodus 34:14 Deuteronomy 29:20 Ezekiel 5:13 Ezekiel 8:17 Ezekiel 8:18 Ezekiel 16:38 Ezekiel 23:29 Ezekiel 23:47 Ezekiel 24:21 Hosea 2:4 Zephaniah 1:18

Verse 26

Bible Cross References
Isaiah 3:18 Jeremiah 13:22 Ezekiel 16:39 Ezekiel 23:29

Verse 27

Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 16:41 Ezekiel 22:15 Ezekiel 24:11 Hosea 6:9

Verse 28

Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 21:7 Jeremiah 34:20 Ezekiel 16:37 Ezekiel 23:17 Ezekiel 23:22

Verse 29

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Take away - Deprive thee of the comfortable use of all thy labour, which they will exact of thee in captivity.
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 28:48 Jeremiah 13:26 Ezekiel 22:9 Ezekiel 23:25 Ezekiel 23:26 Micah 1:11

Verse 30

Bible Cross References
Exodus 34:15 Ezekiel 6:9 Zephaniah 3:1

Verse 31

Bible Cross References
2 Kings 21:13 Jeremiah 7:14 Jeremiah 7:15 Ezekiel 23:33 Hosea 5:5

Verse 32

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
It - Is large, and contains what will last many years, even 'till the seventy years be expired.
McArther Bible Commentary
drink of your sister's cup. Judah was to experience the "cup" of God's judgment as Samaria had in 722 B.C. (cf. Eze 23:46-49). Often the idea of drinking a cup is symbolic of receiving God's wrath (cf. Psa 75:8; Isa 51:17-22; Jer 25:15-29; Mat 20:22).
Bible Cross References
Psalm 44:13 Psalm 60:3 Isaiah 51:17 Jeremiah 25:15 Ezekiel 5:14 Ezekiel 5:15 Ezekiel 16:57 Ezekiel 22:4 Ezekiel 22:5 Hosea 7:16

Verse 33

Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 25:15 Jeremiah 25:16 Ezekiel 23:31 Habakkuk 2:16

Verse 34

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Thou - Shalt stagger with sorrows, that shall intoxicate, and astonish. Suck it out - The dregs shalt thou drink, and multiply thine own sorrows. Break the sheards - To suck out what remains. And pluck - Revenging thyself upon thyself.
Bible Cross References
Psalm 75:8 Isaiah 51:17

Verse 35

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Bear thou - The guilt, I will impute it, the punishment, I will not pardon it.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 14:9 Isaiah 17:10 Jeremiah 2:27 Jeremiah 3:21 Jeremiah 32:33 Ezekiel 22:12 Ezekiel 23:49 Hosea 8:14 Hosea 13:6

Verse 36

McArther Bible Commentary
The prophet detailed a shameful summary of God's case against the nation-a double arraignment calling for judgment.
Bible Cross References
Isaiah 58:1 Jeremiah 1:10 Lamentations 2:14 Ezekiel 16:2 Ezekiel 20:4 Ezekiel 22:2 Ezekiel 23:4 Micah 3:8

Verse 37

Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 16:20 Ezekiel 16:36 Ezekiel 16:45 Ezekiel 20:26 Ezekiel 22:3

Verse 38

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
In the same day - When they had newly polluted themselves with idolatry and murder, they thrust into the temple.
Bible Cross References
2 Kings 21:4 2 Kings 21:7 Jeremiah 17:27 Ezekiel 5:11 Ezekiel 7:20 Ezekiel 20:13 Ezekiel 20:24 Ezekiel 20:39 Ezekiel 22:8

Verse 39

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
My house - Nay, these things have been in my house.
Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 7:9 Jeremiah 7:10 Ezekiel 8:16 Ezekiel 20:39 Ezekiel 22:8

Verse 40

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Wash thyself - After the manner of harlots.
Bible Cross References
1 Peter 3:3 2 Kings 9:30 Proverbs 6:25 Isaiah 3:18 Isaiah 57:9 Jeremiah 4:30 Ezekiel 16:13 Hosea 2:13

Verse 41

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Sattest - Prepared to feast them. A stately bed - A magnificent bed, on which women sat to feast, when men leaned on their sides. Incense - Offered to their idols.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 28:23 Esther 1:6 Isaiah 57:7 Isaiah 65:11 Jeremiah 44:17 Ezekiel 41:22 Ezekiel 44:16 Hosea 2:8 Amos 6:4

Verse 42

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
A voice - A shout for joy, that there was a treaty of peace between the Jews, and the Chaldeans.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 24:30 Psalm 73:12 Jeremiah 51:7 Ezekiel 16:11 Ezekiel 16:12 Ezekiel 16:49 Amos 6:3

Verse 43

Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 23:3 Ezekiel 23:44

Verse 44

Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 23:4 Ezekiel 23:43 Ezekiel 23:45

Verse 45

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Righteous men - Men that keep the law of their God.
McArther Bible Commentary
righteous men. This likely refers to the remnant of godly people in the nation who would affirm the justice of judgment.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 16:38 Ezekiel 22:3 Ezekiel 23:24 Ezekiel 23:44 Hosea 2:2

Verse 46

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Upon them - Against the Jews, the children of this Aholibah.
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 28:25 Jeremiah 15:4 Jeremiah 24:9 Jeremiah 29:18

Verse 47

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The company - The Babylonian army.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 20:10 Jeremiah 39:8 Ezekiel 16:40 Ezekiel 23:25 Ezekiel 23:48 Ezekiel 24:21

Verse 48

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Lewdness - Idolatry. And indeed we do not read of any after their return out of this captivity.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 16:41 Ezekiel 22:15 Ezekiel 23:47 Ezekiel 23:49

Verse 49

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
They - The Babylonians. The sins - The guilt of worshipping idols; and you shall bear the punishment of idolaters.
Bible Cross References
Isaiah 59:18 Ezekiel 7:4 Ezekiel 7:9 Ezekiel 9:10 Ezekiel 16:58 Ezekiel 23:35 Ezekiel 23:48 Ezekiel 24:1