1 Then he brought me back the way of the gate of the outward sanctuary which looketh toward the east; and it was shut.

Then said the Lord unto me; This gate shall be shut, it shall not be opened, and no man shall enter in by it; because the Lord, the God of Israel, hath entered in by it, therefore it shall be shut.

It is for the prince; the prince, he shall sit in it to eat bread before the Lord; he shall enter by the way of the porch of that gate, and shall go out by the way of the same.

Then brought he me the way of the north gate before the house: and I looked, and, behold, the glory of the Lord filled the house of the Lord: and I fell upon my face.

And the Lord said unto me, Son of man, mark well, and behold with thine eyes, and hear with thine ears all that I say unto thee concerning all the ordinances of the house of the Lord, and all the laws thereof; and mark well the entering in of the house, with every going forth of the sanctuary.

And thou shalt say to the rebellious, even to the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord God; O ye house of Israel, let it suffice you of all your abominations,

In that ye have brought into my sanctuary strangers, uncircumcised in heart, and uncircumcised in flesh, to be in my sanctuary, to pollute it, even my house, when ye offer my bread, the fat and the blood, and they have broken my covenant because of all your abominations.

And ye have not kept the charge of mine holy things: but ye have set keepers of my charge in my sanctuary for yourselves.

Thus saith the Lord God; No stranger, uncircumcised in heart, nor uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter into my sanctuary, of any stranger that is among the children of Israel.

10 And the Levites that are gone away far from me, when Israel went astray, which went astray away from me after their idols; they shall even bear their iniquity.

11 Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house: they shall slay the burnt offering and the sacrifice for the people, and they shall stand before them to minister unto them.

12 Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and caused the house of Israel to fall into iniquity; therefore have I lifted up mine hand against them, saith the Lord God, and they shall bear their iniquity.

13 And they shall not come near unto me, to do the office of a priest unto me, nor to come near to any of my holy things, in the most holy place: but they shall bear their shame, and their abominations which they have committed.

14 But I will make them keepers of the charge of the house, for all the service thereof, and for all that shall be done therein.

15 But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, that kept the charge of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from me, they shall come near to me to minister unto me, and they shall stand before me to offer unto me the fat and the blood, saith the Lord God:

16 They shall enter into my sanctuary, and they shall come near to my table, to minister unto me, and they shall keep my charge.

17 And it shall come to pass, that when they enter in at the gates of the inner court, they shall be clothed with linen garments; and no wool shall come upon them, whiles they minister in the gates of the inner court, and within.

18 They shall have linen bonnets upon their heads, and shall have linen breeches upon their loins; they shall not gird themselves with any thing that causeth sweat.

19 And when they go forth into the utter court, even into the utter court to the people, they shall put off their garments wherein they ministered, and lay them in the holy chambers, and they shall put on other garments; and they shall not sanctify the people with their garments.

20 Neither shall they shave their heads, nor suffer their locks to grow long; they shall only poll their heads.

21 Neither shall any priest drink wine, when they enter into the inner court.

22 Neither shall they take for their wives a widow, nor her that is put away: but they shall take maidens of the seed of the house of Israel, or a widow that had a priest before.

23 And they shall teach my people the difference between the holy and profane, and cause them to discern between the unclean and the clean.

24 And in controversy they shall stand in judgment; and they shall judge it according to my judgments: and they shall keep my laws and my statutes in all mine assemblies; and they shall hallow my sabbaths.

25 And they shall come at no dead person to defile themselves: but for father, or for mother, or for son, or for daughter, for brother, or for sister that hath had no husband, they may defile themselves.

26 And after he is cleansed, they shall reckon unto him seven days.

27 And in the day that he goeth into the sanctuary, unto the inner court, to minister in the sanctuary, he shall offer his sin offering, saith the Lord God.

28 And it shall be unto them for an inheritance: I am their inheritance: and ye shall give them no possession in Israel: I am their possession.

29 They shall eat the meat offering, and the sin offering, and the trespass offering: and every dedicated thing in Israel shall be theirs.

30 And the first of all the firstfruits of all things, and every oblation of all, of every sort of your oblations, shall be the priest's: ye shall also give unto the priest the first of your dough, that he may cause the blessing to rest in thine house.

31 The priests shall not eat of any thing that is dead of itself, or torn, whether it be fowl or beast.

Commentary

Verse 1

McArther Bible Commentary
the outer gate … was shut. The Lord has returned from the direction in which He departed (Eze 10:18-19). The gate is kept closed, in honor of the Lord's glory having returned through it for the millennial worship and indicating that the Lord will not depart again as in chapters 8-11 (cf. Eze 43:1-5). This eastern gate of the temple should not be confused with the modern sealed eastern gate of the city (cf. Eze 45:6-8).
Bible Cross References
1 Chronicles 9:18 Ezekiel 40:6 Ezekiel 40:17 Ezekiel 42:14 Ezekiel 43:1 Ezekiel 46:1

Verse 2

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Shall not be opened - Shall not ordinarily stand open. No man - None of the common people. The Lord - That glory which was the visible sign of his presence.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 43:2 Ezekiel 46:1

Verse 3

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
He - The king might sit before the Lord, others might not. Bread - That part of the sacrifice, which was allowed to the offerer.
McArther Bible Commentary
the prince … may sit in it. The designation prince is used at least fourteen times in chapters 44-47. He is not the Lord Jesus Christ, but someone distinct from Him (cf. "eat bread before the Lord"); he has sins for which he offers sacrifice (Eze 45:22), and fathers sons (Eze 46:16-18). He cannot enter by the east gate which the Lord used, but he is allowed to come in and go out by the gate's vestibule, and eat bread by the gateway. He cannot perform priestly duties (Eze 45:19) as Messiah will (cf. Psa 110:4; Zec 6:12-13), and he must worship the Lord (Eze 46:2). Most likely the prince is one who is neither a priest nor the king, but rather one who administrates the kingdom, representing the King (the Lord Jesus Christ) on one hand, and also the princes (Eze 14:8-9) who individually lead the twelve tribes. Possibly, he will be a descendant of David.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 31:54 Exodus 24:9 Ezekiel 34:24 Ezekiel 37:25 Ezekiel 40:9 Ezekiel 46:2 Ezekiel 46:8 Ezekiel 46:12

Verse 4

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
He - Christ in the appearance of a man.
Bible Cross References
Isaiah 6:3 Isaiah 6:4 Ezekiel 1:28 Ezekiel 3:23 Ezekiel 8:14 Ezekiel 40:20 Ezekiel 40:35 Ezekiel 40:40 Ezekiel 43:3 Ezekiel 43:4 Ezekiel 43:5 Daniel 8:17 Haggai 2:7

Verse 5

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The entering - The persons who may, and who may not enter. The sanctuary - Taken here for the courts, rather than the house itself.
McArther Bible Commentary
Mark well who may enter. Since the Lord's glory fills the temple, it is sanctified (Eze 44:4), and God is particular about what kind of people worship there. Sins of the past, as in chapters 8-11, must not be repeated and, if they are, will exclude their perpetrators from the temple. Only the circumcised in heart may enter (Deu 30:6; Jer 4:4; Rom 2:25-29), whether of Israel or another nation (Eze 44:7, Eze 44:9). Many other peoples than Jews will go into the kingdom in unresurrected bodies, because they have believed in Jesus Christ and were ready for His coming. They will escape His deadly judgment and populate and reproduce in the one-thousand-year kingdom. Such circumcision pertains to a heart which is sincere about removing sin and being devoted to the Lord (cf. Jer 29:13). In the millennium, a Jew with an uncircumcised heart will be considered a foreigner (Eze 44:9). "Uncircumcised in flesh" refers to sinners and "foreigner" identifies rejecters of the true God.
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 12:32 Deuteronomy 32:46 Ezekiel 40:4 Ezekiel 42:9 Ezekiel 43:10 Ezekiel 43:11 Ezekiel 46:19 Ezekiel 47:6

Verse 6

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Let it suffice - Let the time you have spent on your sins suffice.
Bible Cross References
1 Peter 4:3 Ezekiel 2:5 Ezekiel 3:9 Ezekiel 45:9

Verse 7

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Bread - Either the meal - offering or first - fruits of corn and dough, and the shew - bread. They - The whole nation of the Jews.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 17:14 Exodus 12:43 Leviticus 22:25 Leviticus 26:41 Deuteronomy 10:16 Jeremiah 4:4 Jeremiah 9:26 Ezekiel 44:9 Ezekiel 44:15

Verse 8

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Have not kept - You have not observed the laws I gave you for the keeping of my holy things, house, sacrifices, and worship. Have set - You have substituted others in your rooms.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 22:2 Numbers 18:7

Verse 9

Bible Cross References
Revelation 21:27 Leviticus 26:41 Ezekiel 44:7 Joel 3:17 Zechariah 14:21

Verse 10

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Are gone away - By their idolatry.
McArther Bible Commentary
Levites … shall bear their iniquity. God makes distinctions. Levites in the line of those unfaithful before the judgment can minister in temple services, but they cannot make offerings or enter the Most Holy Place (Eze 44:11-14). Only Zadok's line can fulfill these ministries (Eze 44:15-16). The reason for this is the value which God attaches to the faithfulness of Zadok in the past (1Sa 2:35; 2Sa 15:24 ff.; 1Ki 1:32-40; Eze 2:26-35). See note on Eze 40:46.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 18:23 2 Kings 23:8 2 Kings 23:9 Ezekiel 14:11 Ezekiel 22:26 Ezekiel 44:12 Ezekiel 44:15 Ezekiel 48:11 Malachi 2:8

Verse 11

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Ministers - Servants employed in the lowest work. Sanctuary - Not the temple itself, but about the courts of it. Having charge - They shall be porters to open and shut, and sweep, and go on errands. To minister - To wait on the priests.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 3:5 Numbers 4:1 Numbers 16:9 Numbers 18:2 1 Chronicles 26:1 2 Chronicles 29:34 2 Chronicles 30:17 Ezekiel 40:45 Ezekiel 44:14

Verse 12

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Iniquity - The punishment of it.
Bible Cross References
2 Kings 16:10 Ezekiel 14:3 Ezekiel 14:4 Ezekiel 20:15 Ezekiel 20:23 Ezekiel 44:10 Ezekiel 48:11

Verse 13

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Shall bear their shame - They shall be dealt with according to their abominations, and bear the punishment thereof.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 18:3 Ezekiel 16:61 Ezekiel 16:63 Ezekiel 39:26

Verse 14

Bible Cross References
Numbers 18:4 1 Chronicles 23:28 Ezekiel 44:11

Verse 15

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
That kept the charge - Were constant, zealous, and faithful in their priestly office.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 3:16 Leviticus 3:17 Leviticus 17:5 Leviticus 17:6 Numbers 18:7 Jeremiah 33:18 Ezekiel 14:11 Ezekiel 40:45 Ezekiel 40:46 Ezekiel 43:19 Ezekiel 44:7 Ezekiel 44:10 Ezekiel 48:11 Zechariah 3:1 Zechariah 3:7

Verse 16

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Into my sanctuary - Both to the altar, to the temple, and the high - priest into the holy of holies. Come near - To set the shew - bread on, and to take it off. To minister - To offer sacrifice at the altar, and incense in the house. God will put marks of honour upon those who are faithful to him in trying times, and will, employ those in his service, who have kept close to it, when others drew back.
McArther Bible Commentary
My table. This is the altar of burnt offering (cf. Eze 40:46; Eze 41:22).
Bible Cross References
Numbers 18:5 Numbers 18:7 Ezekiel 23:41 Ezekiel 41:22 Malachi 1:7 Malachi 1:12

Verse 17

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And within - In the temple.
McArther Bible Commentary
it shall be. Various standards govern priestly service, such as moderation (Eze 44:20) and sobriety (Eze 44:21). They will model holy behavior as they teach the people to live their lives set apart to God (Eze 44:23-24). Minutia about dress (such as forbidding the uncleanness of sweat resulting from wearing wool), marriage (cf. Lev 21:14), contact with dead bodies, etc. point more naturally to a literal fulfillment than to a generalized blurring of details in a symbolical interpretation.
Bible Cross References
Revelation 19:8 Exodus 28:42 Exodus 28:43 Exodus 39:27 Ezekiel 44:27

Verse 18

Bible Cross References
Exodus 28:40 Exodus 28:42 Leviticus 16:4 Isaiah 3:20 Jeremiah 13:18 Ezekiel 24:17 Ezekiel 24:23

Verse 19

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Shall not sanctify - By the law, common things, touching holy things, became consecrated, and no more fit for common use.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 6:10 Leviticus 6:27 Leviticus 16:4 Leviticus 16:23 Ezekiel 42:14 Ezekiel 46:20 Haggai 2:12

Verse 20

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
To grow long - Priding themselves in it, as Absalom. Shall only poll - When the hair is grown, they shall cut the ends of their hair, and keep it in moderate size.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 21:5 Numbers 6:5 2 Samuel 14:26 Ezekiel 5:1

Verse 21

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Drink wine - Or any other strong liquor, when they go either to trim the lamps or set the shew - bread in order, or to offer incense in the temple, or when they go to the altar to offer a sacrifice, which stood in the inner court.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 10:9 Ezekiel 44:22

Verse 22

Bible Cross References
Leviticus 21:7 Leviticus 21:13 Leviticus 21:14

Verse 23

Bible Cross References
Leviticus 10:10 Leviticus 11:47 Leviticus 13:50 Jeremiah 15:19 Ezekiel 22:26 Ezekiel 42:20 Hosea 4:6 Micah 3:9 Zephaniah 3:4 Haggai 2:11 Malachi 2:6

Verse 24

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Shall judge - Shall determine the controversy. Assemblies - Publick congregations.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 23:2 Leviticus 23:4 Deuteronomy 17:8 Deuteronomy 17:9 Deuteronomy 19:17 Deuteronomy 21:5 1 Chronicles 23:4 2 Chronicles 19:8 Psalm 119:34 Ezekiel 20:12 Ezekiel 20:20

Verse 25

Bible Cross References
Leviticus 21:1 Ezekiel 44:26

Verse 26

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Cleansed - After for seven days he hath kept from the dead. They - The priests, who are about the house of God, shall appoint seven days more to this defiled person for his cleansing before he is admitted into the sanctuary.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 19:13 Ezekiel 44:27

Verse 27

Bible Cross References
Leviticus 5:3 Leviticus 5:6 Numbers 6:9 Ezekiel 44:17

Verse 28

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
It - The sin - offering: but under this one, all other offerings are couched. For an inheritance - Instead of lands and cities.
McArther Bible Commentary
I am their possession. As the priests had no possession in the land when it was originally apportioned, so in the future God will be their portion.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 18:20 Deuteronomy 10:9 Deuteronomy 18:1 Deuteronomy 18:2 Joshua 13:33 Ezekiel 48:10

Verse 29

Bible Cross References
Leviticus 6:16 Leviticus 27:21 Leviticus 27:28 Numbers 18:9 Numbers 18:14 Joshua 13:14 Ezekiel 46:20

Verse 30

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And the first - So soon as the first - fruits are ripe in the field, your vineyards, and olive yards. Every oblation - Whether free - will offering, or prescribed. The first of your dough - 'Tis conceived this was of every mass of dough they made, and of the first of the dough, which every year they first made of the new corn, as by the custom of the Jews at this day appears. That he - The priest may bless, and pray for thee.
Bible Cross References
Romans 11:16 Exodus 13:12 Numbers 15:20 Numbers 15:21 Numbers 18:12 Numbers 18:13 2 Chronicles 31:4 2 Chronicles 31:10 Nehemiah 10:35 Malachi 3:10

Verse 31

Bible Cross References
Leviticus 11:40 Leviticus 22:8 Deuteronomy 14:21 Ezekiel 4:14