1 Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:

2 Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ.

3 I thank my God upon every remembrance of you,

4 Always in every prayer of mine for you all making request with joy,

5 For your fellowship in the gospel from the first day until now;

6 Being confident of this very thing, that he which hath begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ:

7 Even as it is meet for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart; inasmuch as both in my bonds, and in the defence and confirmation of the gospel, ye all are partakers of my grace.

8 For God is my record, how greatly I long after you all in the bowels of Jesus Christ.

9 And this I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and in all judgment;

10 That ye may approve things that are excellent; that ye may be sincere and without offence till the day of Christ.

11 Being filled with the fruits of righteousness, which are by Jesus Christ, unto the glory and praise of God.

12 But I would ye should understand, brethren, that the things which happened unto me have fallen out rather unto the furtherance of the gospel;

13 So that my bonds in Christ are manifest in all the palace, and in all other places;

14 And many of the brethren in the Lord, waxing confident by my bonds, are much more bold to speak the word without fear.

15 Some indeed preach Christ even of envy and strife; and some also of good will:

16 The one preach Christ of contention, not sincerely, supposing to add affliction to my bonds:

17 But the other of love, knowing that I am set for the defence of the gospel.

18 What then? notwithstanding, every way, whether in pretence, or in truth, Christ is preached; and I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice.

19 For I know that this shall turn to my salvation through your prayer, and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ,

20 According to my earnest expectation and my hope, that in nothing I shall be ashamed, but that with all boldness, as always, so now also Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life, or by death.

21 For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.

22 But if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labour: yet what I shall choose I wot not.

23 For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better:

24 Nevertheless to abide in the flesh is more needful for you.

25 And having this confidence, I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furtherance and joy of faith;

26 That your rejoicing may be more abundant in Jesus Christ for me by my coming to you again.

27 Only let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel;

28 And in nothing terrified by your adversaries: which is to them an evident token of perdition, but to you of salvation, and that of God.

29 For unto you it is given in the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer for his sake;

30 Having the same conflict which ye saw in me, and now hear to be in me.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle offers up thanksgivings and prayers, for the good work of grace in the Philippians.
The highest honour of the most eminent ministers is, to be servants of Christ. And those who are not really saints on earth, never will be saints in heaven. Out of Christ, the best saints are sinners, and unable to stand before God. There is no peace without grace. Inward peace springs from a sense of Divine favour. And there is no grace and peace but from God our Father, the fountain and origin of all blessings. At Philippi the apostle was evil entreated, and saw little fruit of his labour; yet he remembers Philippi with joy. We must thank our God for the graces and comforts, gifts and usefulness of others, as we receive the benefit, and God receives the glory. The work of grace will never be perfected till the day of Jesus Christ, the day of his appearance. But we may always be confident God will perform his good work, in every soul wherein he has really begun it by regeneration; though we must not trust in outward appearances, nor in any thing but a new creation to holiness. People are dear to their ministers, when they receive benefit by their ministry. Fellow-sufferers in the cause of God should be dear one to another.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Servants - St. Paul, writing familiarly to the Philippians, does not style himself an apostle. And under the common title of servants, he tenderly and modestly joins with himself his son Timotheus, who had come to Philippi not long after St. Paul had received him, (Acts 16:3) , (Acts 16:12) . To all the saints - The apostolic epistles were sent more directly to the churches, than to the pastors of them. With the bishops and deacons - The former properly took care of the internal state, the latter, of the externals, of the church, (1 Timothy 3:2-8) ; although these were not wholly confined to the one, neither those to the other. The word bishops here includes all the presbyters at Philippi, as well as the ruling presbyters: the names bishop and presbyter, or elder, being promiscuously used in the first ages.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Paul and Timotheus, servants of Jesus ChristWhile Paul is accustomed, in the inscription of his epistles, to employ titles of distinction, with the view of procuring credit for himself and his ministry, there was no need of lengthened commendations in writing to the Philippians, who had known him by experience as a true Apostle of Christ, and still acknowledged him as such beyond all controversy. For they had persevered in the calling of God steadfastly, and in an even tenor.BishopsHe names thepastorsseparately, for the sake of honor. We may, however, infer from this, that the name ofbishopis common to all the ministers of the Word, inasmuch as he assigns severalbishopsto one Church. The titles, therefore, ofbishopandpastor, are synonymous. And this is one of the passages which Jerome quotes for proving this in his epistle to Evagrius,and in his exposition of the Epistle to Titus.Afterwardsthere crept in the custom of applying the name ofbishopexclusively to the person whom the presbyters in each church appointed over their company.It originated, however, in a human custom, and rests on no Scripture authority. I acknowledge, indeed, that, as the minds and manners of men are, there cannot be order maintained among the ministers of the word, without one presiding over the others. I speak of particular bodies,not of whole provinces, much less of the whole world. Now, although we must not contend for words, it were at the same time better for us in speaking to follow the Holy Spirit, the author of tongues, than to change for the worse forms of speech which are dictated to us by Him. For from the corrupted signification of the word this evil has resulted, that, as if all the presbyterswere not colleagues, called to the same office, one of them, under the pretext of a new appellation, usurped dominion over the others.Deacons. This term may be taken in two ways — either as meaning administrators, and curators of the poor, or for elders, who were appointed for the regulation of morals. As, however, it is more generally made use of by Paul in the former sense, I understand it rather as meaning stewards, who superintended the distributing and receiving of alms. On the other points consult the preceding commentaries.
McArther Bible Commentary
Paul. See Introduction to Romans: Author and Date; see note on Act 9:1. Paul wrote this letter from a Roman prison (see Introduction: Author and Date). Timothy. Timothy, Paul's beloved son in the faith (see Introduction to 1 Timothy: Author and Date; Act 16:1-3), was not the coauthor of the letter, but possibly the one to whom Paul dictated it. Regardless, Paul had good reason for including Timothy's name (see note on Php 1:1-2). bondservants. This denotes a willing slave who was happily and loyally linked to his master (see note on Rom 1:1; cf. Jas 1:1; 2Pe 1:1; Jud 1:1). saints. See note on 1Co 1:2. These were believers in the church at Philippi, including those who led the assembly. in Christ Jesus. This describes the Philippian believers' union with Christ in His death and resurrection (see notes on Rom 6:2-9; Gal 2:20), which was the reason they could be called "saints." Philippi. See Introduction: Background and Setting. bishops. Lit. "overseers"; see note on 1Ti 3:1. This is a term used to emphasize the leadership responsibilities of those who are elders, who are also called pastors. All three terms are used to describe the same church leaders in Act 20:28 (see note there). deacons. Lit. "those who serve"; see note on 1Ti 3:8.
Bible Cross References
Acts 9:13 Acts 16:1 Acts 16:12 Acts 20:28 2 Corinthians 1:1 Galatians 1:10 Galatians 3:26 Galatians 3:28 Ephesians 6:24 Philippians 2:5 Philippians 2:19 Philippians 3:3 Philippians 3:8 Philippians 3:12 Colossians 1:1 Colossians 1:2 1 Timothy 3:8 1 Timothy 3:12 Philemon 1:1 2 Peter 1:1

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle offers up thanksgivings and prayers, for the good work of grace in the Philippians.
The highest honour of the most eminent ministers is, to be servants of Christ. And those who are not really saints on earth, never will be saints in heaven. Out of Christ, the best saints are sinners, and unable to stand before God. There is no peace without grace. Inward peace springs from a sense of Divine favour. And there is no grace and peace but from God our Father, the fountain and origin of all blessings. At Philippi the apostle was evil entreated, and saw little fruit of his labour; yet he remembers Philippi with joy. We must thank our God for the graces and comforts, gifts and usefulness of others, as we receive the benefit, and God receives the glory. The work of grace will never be perfected till the day of Jesus Christ, the day of his appearance. But we may always be confident God will perform his good work, in every soul wherein he has really begun it by regeneration; though we must not trust in outward appearances, nor in any thing but a new creation to holiness. People are dear to their ministers, when they receive benefit by their ministry. Fellow-sufferers in the cause of God should be dear one to another.
McArther Bible Commentary
Grace … peace. Paul's standard greeting (see note on Rom 1:7) reminded the believers of their relationship to God.
Bible Cross References
Romans 1:7 Philippians 1:3

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle offers up thanksgivings and prayers, for the good work of grace in the Philippians.
The highest honour of the most eminent ministers is, to be servants of Christ. And those who are not really saints on earth, never will be saints in heaven. Out of Christ, the best saints are sinners, and unable to stand before God. There is no peace without grace. Inward peace springs from a sense of Divine favour. And there is no grace and peace but from God our Father, the fountain and origin of all blessings. At Philippi the apostle was evil entreated, and saw little fruit of his labour; yet he remembers Philippi with joy. We must thank our God for the graces and comforts, gifts and usefulness of others, as we receive the benefit, and God receives the glory. The work of grace will never be perfected till the day of Jesus Christ, the day of his appearance. But we may always be confident God will perform his good work, in every soul wherein he has really begun it by regeneration; though we must not trust in outward appearances, nor in any thing but a new creation to holiness. People are dear to their ministers, when they receive benefit by their ministry. Fellow-sufferers in the cause of God should be dear one to another.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
I give thanks. He begins with thanksgivingon two accounts —first, that he may by this token shew his love to the Philippians; and secondly, that, by commending them as to the past, he may exhort them, also, to perseverance in time to come. He adduces, also, another evidence of his love — the anxiety which he exercised in supplications. It is to be observed, however, that, whenever he makes mention of things that are joyful, he immediately breaks forth into thanksgiving — a practice with which we ought also to be familiar. We must, also, take notice, what things they are for which he gives thanks to God, — the fellowship of the Philippians in the gospel of Christ; for it follows from this, that it ought to be ascribed to the grace of God. When he says,upon every remembrance of you, he means, “As often as I remember you.”
McArther Bible Commentary
I thank my God. Paul's letters usually included such commendation (see note on Gal 1:3-5).
Bible Cross References
Romans 1:8 Romans 1:9

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle offers up thanksgivings and prayers, for the good work of grace in the Philippians.
The highest honour of the most eminent ministers is, to be servants of Christ. And those who are not really saints on earth, never will be saints in heaven. Out of Christ, the best saints are sinners, and unable to stand before God. There is no peace without grace. Inward peace springs from a sense of Divine favour. And there is no grace and peace but from God our Father, the fountain and origin of all blessings. At Philippi the apostle was evil entreated, and saw little fruit of his labour; yet he remembers Philippi with joy. We must thank our God for the graces and comforts, gifts and usefulness of others, as we receive the benefit, and God receives the glory. The work of grace will never be perfected till the day of Jesus Christ, the day of his appearance. But we may always be confident God will perform his good work, in every soul wherein he has really begun it by regeneration; though we must not trust in outward appearances, nor in any thing but a new creation to holiness. People are dear to their ministers, when they receive benefit by their ministry. Fellow-sufferers in the cause of God should be dear one to another.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
With joy - After the epistle to the Ephesians, wherein love reigns, follows this, wherein there is perpetual mention of joy. "The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy." And joy peculiarly enlivens prayer. The sum of the whole epistle is, I rejoice. Rejoice ye.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Always in every prayer. Connect the words in this manner: “Always presenting prayer for you all in every prayer of mine.” For as he had said before, that the remembrance of them was an occasion of joy to him, so he now subjoins, that they come into his mind as often as he prays. He afterwards adds, that it iswith joy that he presents prayer in their behalf.Joyrefers to the past;prayerto the future. For he rejoiced in their auspicious beginnings, and was desirous of their perfection. Thus it becomes us always to rejoice in the blessings received from God in such a manner, as to remember to ask from him those things that we are still in need of.
McArther Bible Commentary
in every prayer … with joy. The Greek word for prayer denotes a petition for, or a request made on behalf of, someone else. It was a delight for him to intercede for fellow believers. "Joy" in Philippians Paul uses five different Greek words to express the emotion of joy, which is mentioned at least fifteen times in the book. Joy is mentioned at least twice in each chapter. Php 1:4, Php 1:18, Php 1:25-26; Php 2:2, Php 2:16-18, Php 2:28-29; Php 3:1, Php 3:3; Php 4:1, Php 4:4, Php 4:10.
Bible Cross References
Mark 5:5 Romans 1:9

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle offers up thanksgivings and prayers, for the good work of grace in the Philippians.
The highest honour of the most eminent ministers is, to be servants of Christ. And those who are not really saints on earth, never will be saints in heaven. Out of Christ, the best saints are sinners, and unable to stand before God. There is no peace without grace. Inward peace springs from a sense of Divine favour. And there is no grace and peace but from God our Father, the fountain and origin of all blessings. At Philippi the apostle was evil entreated, and saw little fruit of his labour; yet he remembers Philippi with joy. We must thank our God for the graces and comforts, gifts and usefulness of others, as we receive the benefit, and God receives the glory. The work of grace will never be perfected till the day of Jesus Christ, the day of his appearance. But we may always be confident God will perform his good work, in every soul wherein he has really begun it by regeneration; though we must not trust in outward appearances, nor in any thing but a new creation to holiness. People are dear to their ministers, when they receive benefit by their ministry. Fellow-sufferers in the cause of God should be dear one to another.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The sense is, I thank God for your fellowship with us in all the blessings of the gospel, which I have done from the first day of your receiving it until now.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For your fellowship. He now, passing over the other clause, states the ground of his joy — that they had come into thefellowship of the gospel, that is, had become partakers of the gospel, which, as is well known, is accomplished by means of faith; for the gospel appears as nothing to us, in respect of any enjoyment of it, until we have received it by faith. At the same time the termfellowshipmay be viewed as referring to the common society of the saints, as though he had said that they had been associated with all the children of God in the faith of the gospel. When he says,from the first day, he commends their promptitude in having shewn themselves teachable immediately upon the doctrine being set before them. The phraseuntil nowdenotes their perseverance. Now we know how rare an excellence it is, to follow God immediately upon his calling us, and also to persevere steadfastly unto the end. For many are slow and backward to obey, while there are still more that fall short through fickleness and inconstancy.
McArther Bible Commentary
fellowship. This can also be translated "participation" or "partnership." Cf. 2Co 8:4. from the first day. These believers eagerly assisted Paul in evangelizing Philippi from the beginning of the church there (Act 16:12-40).
Bible Cross References
Acts 2:42 Acts 16:12 Philippians 1:7 Philippians 1:12 Philippians 1:16 Philippians 1:27 Philippians 2:12 Philippians 2:22 Philippians 4:3 Philippians 4:15

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle offers up thanksgivings and prayers, for the good work of grace in the Philippians.
The highest honour of the most eminent ministers is, to be servants of Christ. And those who are not really saints on earth, never will be saints in heaven. Out of Christ, the best saints are sinners, and unable to stand before God. There is no peace without grace. Inward peace springs from a sense of Divine favour. And there is no grace and peace but from God our Father, the fountain and origin of all blessings. At Philippi the apostle was evil entreated, and saw little fruit of his labour; yet he remembers Philippi with joy. We must thank our God for the graces and comforts, gifts and usefulness of others, as we receive the benefit, and God receives the glory. The work of grace will never be perfected till the day of Jesus Christ, the day of his appearance. But we may always be confident God will perform his good work, in every soul wherein he has really begun it by regeneration; though we must not trust in outward appearances, nor in any thing but a new creation to holiness. People are dear to their ministers, when they receive benefit by their ministry. Fellow-sufferers in the cause of God should be dear one to another.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Being persuaded - The grounds of which persuasion are set down in the following verse. That he who hath begun a good work in you, will perfect it until the day of Christ - That he who having justified, hath begun to sanctify you, will carry on this work, till it issue in glory.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Persuaded of this very thing.An additional ground of joy is furnished in his confidence in them for the time to come.But some one will say, why should men dare to assure themselves for to-morrow amidst so great an infirmity of nature, amidst so many impediments, ruggednesses, and precipices?Paul, assuredly, did not derive this confidence from the steadfastness or excellence of men, but simply from the fact, that God had manifested his love to the Philippians. And undoubtedly this is the true manner of acknowledging God’s benefits — when we derive from them occasion of hoping well as to the future.For as they are tokens at once of his goodness, and of his fatherly benevolence towards us, what ingratitude were it to derive from this no confirmation of hope and good courage! In addition to this, God is not like men, so as to be wearied out or exhausted by conferring kindness.Let, therefore, believers exercise themselves in constant meditation upon the favors which God confers, that they may encourage and confirm hope as to the time to come, and always ponder in their mind this syllogism: God does not forsake the work which his own hands have begun, as the Prophet bears witness, (Psalm 138:8;Isaiah 64:8;) we are the work of his hands; therefore he will complete what he has begun in us. When I say that we are the work of his hands, I do not refer to mere creation, but to the calling by which we are adopted into the number of his sons. For it is a token to us of our election, that the Lord has called us effectually to himself by his Spirit.It is asked, however, whether any one can be certain as to the salvation of others, for Paul here is not speaking of himself but of the Philippians. I answer, that the assurance which an individual has respecting his own salvation, is very different from what he has as to that of another. For the Spirit of God is a witness to me of my calling, as he is to each of the elect. As to others, we have no testimony, except from the outward efficacy of the Spirit; that is, in so far as the grace of God shews itself in them, so that we come to know it. There is, therefore, a great difference, because the assurance of faith remains inwardly shut up, and does not extend itself to others. But wherever we see any such tokens of Divine election as can be perceived by us, we ought immediately to be stirred up to entertain good hope, both in order that we may not be envious towards our neighbors, and withhold from them an equitable and kind judgment of charity; and also, that we may be grateful to God.This, however, is a general rule both as to ourselves and as to others — that, distrusting our own strength, we depend entirely upon God alone.Until the day of Jesus ChristThe chief thing, indeed, to be understood here is — until the termination of the conflict. Now the conflict is terminated by death. As, however, the Spirit is accustomed to speak in this manner in reference to the last coming of Christ, it were better to extend the advancement of the grace of Christ to the resurrection of the flesh. For although those who have been freed from the mortal body do no longer contend with the lusts of the flesh, and are, as the expression is, beyond the reach of a single dart,yet there will be no absurdity in speaking of them as in the way of advancement,inasmuch as they have not yet reached the point at which they aspire, — they do not yet enjoy the felicity and glory which they have hoped for; and in fine, the day has not yet shone which is to discover the treasures which lie hid in hope. And in truth, when hope is treated of, our eyes must always be directed forward to a blessed resurrection, as the grand object in view.
McArther Bible Commentary
He … will complete it. The Greek verb translated "has begun" is used only here and in Gal 3:3-both times in reference to salvation itself. When God begins a work of salvation in a person, He finishes and perfects that work. Thus the verb "will complete" points to the eternal security of the Christian (see notes on Joh 6:40, Joh 6:44; Rom 5:10; Rom 8:29-39; Eph 1:13-14; Heb 7:25; Heb 12:2). day of Jesus Christ. This phrase is not to be confused with the "Day of the Lord" (see Introduction to Joel: Historical and Theological Themes), which describes final divine judgment and wrath (cf. Isa 13:9; Joe 1:15; Joe 2:11; 1Th 5:2; 2Pe 3:10). "Day of Jesus Christ" is also called the "day of Christ" (Php 1:10; Php 2:16) and the "day of our Lord Jesus Christ" (1Co 1:8), which looks to the final salvation, reward, and glorification of believers. Cf. 1Co 3:10-15; 1Co 4:5; 2Co 5:9-10.
Bible Cross References
Psalm 138:8 1 Corinthians 1:8 Philippians 1:10 Philippians 2:12 Philippians 2:16

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The apostle offers up thanksgivings and prayers, for the good work of grace in the Philippians.
The highest honour of the most eminent ministers is, to be servants of Christ. And those who are not really saints on earth, never will be saints in heaven. Out of Christ, the best saints are sinners, and unable to stand before God. There is no peace without grace. Inward peace springs from a sense of Divine favour. And there is no grace and peace but from God our Father, the fountain and origin of all blessings. At Philippi the apostle was evil entreated, and saw little fruit of his labour; yet he remembers Philippi with joy. We must thank our God for the graces and comforts, gifts and usefulness of others, as we receive the benefit, and God receives the glory. The work of grace will never be perfected till the day of Jesus Christ, the day of his appearance. But we may always be confident God will perform his good work, in every soul wherein he has really begun it by regeneration; though we must not trust in outward appearances, nor in any thing but a new creation to holiness. People are dear to their ministers, when they receive benefit by their ministry. Fellow-sufferers in the cause of God should be dear one to another.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
As it is right for me to think this of you all - Why? He does not say, "Because of an eternal decree;" or, "Because a saint must persevere;" but, because I have you in my heart, who were all partakers of my grace - That is, because ye were all (for which I have you in my heart, I bear you the most grateful and tender affection) partakers of my grace - That is, sharers in the afflictions which God vouchsafed me as a grace or favour, Phlippians 1:29-30 ; both in my bonds, and when I was called forth to answer for myself, and to confirm the gospel. It is not improbable that, after they had endured that great trial of affliction, God had sealed them unto full victory, of which the apostle had a prophetic sight.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Blessed shall ye be, when men shall afflict and harass you with all kinds of reproaches for my name’s sake. (Matthew 5:11)Let us therefore bear in remembrance also, that we must with readiness and alacrity embrace the fellowship of the cross of Christ as a special favor from God. In addition to bondshe subjoins thedefense and confirmation of the gospel,that he may express so much the better the honourableness of the service which God has enjoined upon us in placing us in opposition to his enemies, so as to bear testimony to his gospel. For it is as though he had entrusted us with the defense of his gospel. And truly it was when armed with this consideration, that the martyrs were prepared to contemn all the rage of the wicked, and to rise superior to every kind of torture. And would that this were present to the mind of all that are called to make a confession of their faith, that they have been chosen by Christ to be as advocates to plead his cause! For were they sustained by such consolation they would be more courageous than to be so easily turned aside into a perfidious revolt.Here, however, some one will inquire, whether the confirmation of the gospeldepends on the steadfastness of men. I answer, that the truth of God is in itself too firm to require that it should have support from any other quarter; for though we should all of us be found liars, God, nevertheless, remains true. (Romans 3:4.) There is, however, no absurdity in saying, that weak consciences are confirmed in it by such helps. That kind of confirmation, therefore, of which Paul makes mention, has a relation to men, as we learn from our own experience that the slaughter of so many martyrs has been attended at least with this advantage, that they have been as it were so many seals, by which the gospel has been sealed in our hearts. Hence that saying of Tertullian, that “the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church,” — which I have imitated in a certain poem: “But that sacred blood,the maintainer of God’s honor, will be like seed for producing offspring.”
McArther Bible Commentary
heart. A common biblical word used to describe the center of thought and feeling (cf. Pro 4:23). defense and confirmation. Two judicial terms referring either to the first phase of Paul's trial in Rome in which he defended his gospel ministry or in a general sense to his continual defense of the faith, which was the heart of his ministry. partakers with me of grace. See notes on verse Php 1:5. During his imprisonment, the Philippians sent Paul money and Epaphroditus's services to support the apostle, thus sharing in God's gracious blessing on his ministry (cf. Php 2:30).
Bible Cross References
Acts 21:33 2 Corinthians 7:3 Ephesians 6:20 Philippians 1:5 Philippians 1:12 Philippians 1:13 Philippians 1:14 Philippians 1:16 Philippians 1:17 Philippians 2:22 Philippians 4:3 Philippians 4:15 Colossians 4:18 2 Timothy 2:9 Philemon 1:13 2 Peter 1:13

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He expresses affection, and prays for them.
Shall not we pity and love those souls whom Christ loves and pities? Those who abound in any grace, need to abound more. Try things which differ; that we may approve the things which are excellent. The truths and laws of Christ are excellent; and they recommend themselves as such to any attentive mind. Sincerity is that in which we should have our conversation in the world, and it is the glory of all our graces. Christians should not be apt to take offence, and should be very careful not to offend God or the brethren. The things which most honour God will most benefit us. Let us not leave it doubtful whether any good fruit is found in us or not. A small measure of Christian love, knowledge, and fruitfulness should not satisfy any.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
I long for you with the bowels of Jesus Christ - In Paul, not Paul lives, but Jesus Christ. Therefore he longs for them with the bowels, the tenderness, not of Paul, but of Jesus Christ.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For God is my witness.He now declares more explicitly his affection for them, and, with the view of giving proof of it, he makes use of an oath, and that on good grounds, because we know how dear in the sight of God is the edification of his Church. It was, too, more especially of advantage, that Paul’s affection should be thoroughly made known to the Philippians. For it tends in no small degree to secure credit for the doctrine, when the people are persuaded that they are beloved by the teacher. He calls God as a witness to the truth, inasmuch as he alone is the Truth, and as a witness of his affection, inasmuch as he alone is the searcher of hearts. In the word renderedlong after, a particular term is made use of instead of a general, and it is a token of affection, inasmuch as welong afterthose things which are dear to us.In the bowelsHe places thebowels of Christin opposition to carnal affection, to intimate that his affection is holy and pious. For the man that loves according to the flesh has respect to his own advantage, and may from time to time change his mind according to the variety of circumstances and seasons. In the meantime he instructs us by what rule the affections of believers ought to be regulated, so that, renouncing their own will, they may allow Christ to sit at the helm. And, unquestionably, true love can flow from no other source than from thebowels of Christ, and this, like a goad, ought to affect us not a little — that Christ in a manner opens hisbowels, that by them he may cherish mutual affection between us.
McArther Bible Commentary
affection. The word literally refers to the internal organs, which are the part of the body that reacts to intense emotion. It became the strongest Greek word to express compassionate love-a love that involves one's entire being.
Bible Cross References
Job 16:19 Romans 1:9 Galatians 3:26 Philippians 4:1

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He expresses affection, and prays for them.
Shall not we pity and love those souls whom Christ loves and pities? Those who abound in any grace, need to abound more. Try things which differ; that we may approve the things which are excellent. The truths and laws of Christ are excellent; and they recommend themselves as such to any attentive mind. Sincerity is that in which we should have our conversation in the world, and it is the glory of all our graces. Christians should not be apt to take offence, and should be very careful not to offend God or the brethren. The things which most honour God will most benefit us. Let us not leave it doubtful whether any good fruit is found in us or not. A small measure of Christian love, knowledge, and fruitfulness should not satisfy any.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And this I pray, that your love - Which they had already shown. May abound yet more and more - The fire which burned in the apostle never says, It is enough. In knowledge and in all spiritual sense - Which is the ground of all spiritual knowledge. We must be inwardly sensible of divine peace, joy, love; otherwise, we cannot know what they are.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
This I pray that your loveHe returns to the prayer, which he had simply touched upon in one word in passing. He states, accordingly, the sum of those things which he asked from God in their behalf, that they also may learn to pray after his example, and may aspire at proficiency in those gifts. The view taken by some, as though thelove of the Philippiansdenoted the Philippians themselves, as illiterate persons are accustomed very commonly to say, “Your reverence,” — “Your paternity,” is absurd. For no instance of such an expression occurs in the writings of Paul, nor had such fooleries come into use. Besides, the statement would be less complete, and, independently of this, the simple and natural meaning of the words suits admirably well. For the true attainments of Christians are when they make progress inknowledge, andunderstanding, and afterwards inlove. Accordingly the particlein, according to the idiom of the Hebrew tongue, is taken here to meanwith, as I have also rendered it, unless perhaps one should prefer to explain it as meaningby, so as to denote the instrument or formal cause. For, the greater proficiency we make inknowledge, so much the more ought ourloveto increase. The meaning in that case would be, “That your love may increase according to the measure of knowledge.”All knowledge, means what is full and complete — not a knowledge of all things.
McArther Bible Commentary
in knowledge. This is from the Greek word that describes genuine, full, or advanced knowledge. Biblical love is not an empty sentimentalism but is anchored deeply in the truth of Scripture and regulated by it (cf. Eph 5:2-3; 1Pe 1:22). discernment. The English word aesthetic comes from this Greek word, which speaks of moral perception, insight, and the practical application of knowledge. Love is not blind, but perceptive, and it carefully scrutinizes to distinguish between right and wrong. See note on 1Th 5:21-22.
Bible Cross References
Psalm 119:66 Colossians 1:9 1 Thessalonians 3:12 1 Thessalonians 4:1 Philemon 1:6

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He expresses affection, and prays for them.
Shall not we pity and love those souls whom Christ loves and pities? Those who abound in any grace, need to abound more. Try things which differ; that we may approve the things which are excellent. The truths and laws of Christ are excellent; and they recommend themselves as such to any attentive mind. Sincerity is that in which we should have our conversation in the world, and it is the glory of all our graces. Christians should not be apt to take offence, and should be very careful not to offend God or the brethren. The things which most honour God will most benefit us. Let us not leave it doubtful whether any good fruit is found in us or not. A small measure of Christian love, knowledge, and fruitfulness should not satisfy any.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
That ye may try - By that spiritual sense. The things that are excellent - Not only good, but the very best; the superior excellence of which is hardly discerned, but by the adult Christian. That ye may be inwardly sincere - Having a single eye to the very best things, and a pure heart. And outwardly without offence - Holy, unblamable in all things.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
That ye may approve the things that areHere we have a definition of Christian wisdom — to know what is advantageous or expedient — not to torture the mind with empty subtleties and speculations. For the Lord does not wish that his believing people should employ themselves fruitlessly in learning what is of no profit: From this you may gather in what estimation the Sorbonnic theology ought to be held, in which you may spend your whole life, and yet not derive more of edification from it in connection with the hope of a heavenly life, or more of spiritual advantage, than from the demonstrations of Euclid. Unquestionably, although it taught nothing false, it well deserves to be execrable, on the ground that it is a pernicious profanation of spiritual doctrine. ForScripture is useful, as Paul says, in2 Timothy 3:16, butthereyou will find nothing but cold subtleties of words.That ye may be sincere.This is the advantage which we derive fromknowledge— not that every one may artfully consult his own interests, but that we may live in pure conscience in the sight of God.It is added — and without offenseThe Greek wordἀπροσκοποιis ambiguous. Chrysostom explains it in anactivesense — that as he had desired that they should be pure and upright in the sight of God, so he now desires that they should lead an honorable life in the sight of men, that they may not injure their neighbors by any evil examples. This exposition I do not reject: thepassivesignification, however, is better suited to the context, in my opinion. For he desires wisdom for them, with this view — that they may with unwavering step go forward in their callinguntil the day of Christ, as on the other hand it happens through ignorance,that we frequently slip our foot, stumble, and turn aside. And how many stumbling blocks Satan from time to time throws in our way, with the view of either stopping our course altogether, or impeding it, every one of us knows from his own experience.
McArther Bible Commentary
approve the … excellent. Approve in classical Greek described the assaying of metals or the testing of money for authenticity (cf. Luk 12:56; Luk 14:19). Excellent means "to differ." Believers need the ability to distinguish those things that are truly important so they can establish the right priorities. sincere and without offense. Sincere means "genuine," and may have originally meant "tested by sunlight." In the ancient world, dishonest pottery dealers filled cracks in their inferior products with wax before glazing and painting them, making worthless pots difficult to distinguish from expensive ones. The only way to avoid being defrauded was to hold the pot to the sun, making the wax-filled cracks obvious. Dealers marked their fine pottery that could withstand "sun testing" as sine cera-"without wax." "Without offense" can be translated "blameless," referring to relational integrity. Christians are to live lives of true integrity that do not cause others to sin (see notes on Rom 12:9; 1Co 10:31-32; 2Co 1:12; cf. Rom. 14; 1 Cor. 8). the day of Christ. See note on verse Php 1:6.
Bible Cross References
Romans 2:18 1 Corinthians 1:8 Philippians 1:6 Philippians 2:16

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He expresses affection, and prays for them.
Shall not we pity and love those souls whom Christ loves and pities? Those who abound in any grace, need to abound more. Try things which differ; that we may approve the things which are excellent. The truths and laws of Christ are excellent; and they recommend themselves as such to any attentive mind. Sincerity is that in which we should have our conversation in the world, and it is the glory of all our graces. Christians should not be apt to take offence, and should be very careful not to offend God or the brethren. The things which most honour God will most benefit us. Let us not leave it doubtful whether any good fruit is found in us or not. A small measure of Christian love, knowledge, and fruitfulness should not satisfy any.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Being filled with the fruits of righteousness, which are through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God - Here are three properties of that sincerity which is acceptable to God: It must bear fruits, the fruits of righteousness, all inward and outward holiness, all good tempers, words, and works; and that so abundantly, that we may be filled with them. The branch and the fruits must derive both their virtue and their very being from the all - supporting, all - supplying root, Jesus Christ. As all these flow from the grace of Christ, so they must issue in the glory and praise of God.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Filled with the fruits of righteousness. This now belongs to the outward life, for a good conscience produces its fruits by means of works. Hence he desires that they may be fruitful in good works for the glory of God. Such fruits, he says, are by Christ, because they flow from the grace of Christ. For the beginning of our well-doing is, when we are sanctified by his Spirit, for he rested upon him, that we might all receive of his fullness. (John 1:16.) And as Paul here derives a similitude from trees, we arewild olive-trees,(Romans 11:24,) and unproductive, until we are ingrafted into Christ, who by his living root makes us fruitbearing trees, in accordance with that saying, (John 15:1,)I am the vine, ye are the branches.He at the same time shews the end — that we may promote the glory of God. For no life is so excellent in appearance as not to be corrupted and become offensive in the view of God, if it is not directed towards this object.Paul’s speaking here of works under the term righteousness, is not at all inconsistent with the gratuitous righteousness of faith. For it does not immediately follow that there is righteousness wherever there are the fruits of righteousness, inasmuch as there is no righteousness in the sight of God, unless there be a full and complete obedience to the law, which is not found in any one of the saints, though, nevertheless, they bring forth, according to the measure, the good and pleasantfruits of righteousness, and for this reason, that, as God begins righteousness in us, through the regeneration of the Spirit, so what is wanting is amply supplied through the remission of sins, in such a way that all righteousness, nevertheless, depends upon faith.
McArther Bible Commentary
fruits of righteousness. This is better translated, "the fruit righteousness produces" (see note on Rom 1:13; cf. Pro 11:30; Amo 6:12; Jas 3:17-18). which are by Jesus Christ. See Joh 15:1-5; Eph 2:10. This speaks of the salvation transformation provided by our Lord and His ongoing work of power through His Spirit in us. to the glory and praise of God. See Joh 15:8; Eph 1:12-14; Eph 3:20-21. The ultimate end of all Paul's prayers was that God be glorified.
Bible Cross References
Titus 3:14 James 3:18

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The things concerning me - My sufferings. Have fallen out rather to the furtherance, than, as you feared, the hinderance, of the gospel.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
But I wish you to knowWe all know from our own experience, how much the flesh is wont to be offended by the abasement of the cross. We allow, indeed, Christ crucified to be preached to us; but when he appears in connection with his cross, then, as though we were thunderstruck at the novelty of it,we either avoid him or hold him in abhorrence, and that not merely in our own persons, but also in the persons of those who deliver to us the gospel. It may have happened to the Philippians, that they were in some degree discouraged in consequence of the persecution of their Apostle. We may also very readily believe, that those bad workmenwho eagerly watched every occasion, however small, of doing injury, did not refrain from triumphing over the calamity of this holy man, and by this means making his gospel contemptible. If, however, they were not successful in this attempt, they might very readily calumniate him by representing him as hated by the whole world; and at the same time leading the Philippians to dread, lest, by an unfortunate association with him,they should needlessly incur great dislike among all; for such are the usual artifices of Satan. The Apostle provides against this danger, when he states that the gospel had been promoted by means of his bonds. The design, accordingly, of this detail is, to encourage the Philippians, that they may not feel deterredby the persecution endured by him.
McArther Bible Commentary
things which happened to me. Paul's difficult circumstances, namely, his journey to Rome and imprisonment there (see Introduction: Background and Setting; Acts 21-28). for the furtherance. Better translated, "for the progress," which refers to the forward movement of something-often of armies-in spite of obstacles, dangers, and distractions. Paul's imprisonment proved to be no hindrance to spreading the message of salvation (cf. Act 28:30-31). Actually, it created new opportunities (see note on Php 4:22).
Bible Cross References
Luke 21:13 Philippians 1:5 Philippians 1:7 Philippians 2:22 Philippians 4:3 Philippians 4:15 1 Timothy 2:8 2 Timothy 4:17

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
My bonds in Christ - Endured for his sake. Have been made manifest - Much taken notice of. In the whole palace - Of the Roman emperor.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
So that my bondsHe employs the expression —in Christ, to mean, in theaffairs,or in thecauseof Christ, for he intimates that his bonds had become illustrious, so as to promote the honor of Christ.The rendering given by some —through Christ, seems forced. I have also employed the wordillustria (illustrious)in preference tomanifesta,(manifest,)— as having ennobled the gospel by their fame.“Satan, indeed, has attempted it, and the wicked have thought that it would turn out so, that the gospel would be destroyed; but God has frustrated both the attempts of the former and the expectations of the latter,and that in two ways, for while the gospel was previously obscure and unknown, it has come to be well known, and not only so, but has even been rendered honorable in thePraetorium, no less than in the rest of the city.” By thepraetoriumI understand the hall and palace of Nero, which Fabiusand writers of that age callAugustale, (the Augustal.) For as the namepraetorwas at first a general term, and denoted all magistrates who held the chief sway, (hence it came that the dictator was called the sovereign praetor,) it, consequently, became customary to employ the termpraetoriumin war to mean the tent, either of the consul,or of the person whopresided,while in the city it denoted the palace of Caesar,from the time that the Cesars took possession of the monarchy.Independently of this, the bench of praetor is also called thepraetorium
McArther Bible Commentary
evident … chains are in Christ. People around him recognized that Paul was no criminal, but had become a prisoner because of preaching Jesus Christ and the gospel (cf. Eph 6:20). whole palace guard. The Greek word for palace, often simply used in its transliterated form praitorion, can denote either a special building (e.g., a commander's headquarters, the emperor's palace) or the group of men in the imperial guard. Because Paul was in a private house in Rome, palace guard probably refers to the members of the imperial guard who guarded Paul day and night. Cf. Act 28:16. all the rest. Everyone else in the city of Rome who met and heard Paul (cf. Act 28:23-24, Act 28:30-31).
Bible Cross References
Acts 28:30 Philippians 1:7 Philippians 1:30 2 Timothy 2:9

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And many - Who were before afraid. Trusting in the Lord through my bonds - When they observed my constancy, and safety not withstanding, are more bold.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Many of the brethren. By this instance we are taught that the tortures of the saints, endured by them in behalf of the gospel, are a ground of confidenceto us. It were indeed a dreadful spectacle, and such as might tend rather to dishearten us, did we see nothing but the cruelty and rage of the persecutors. When, however, we see at the same time the hand of the Lord, which makes his people unconquerable,under the infirmity of the Cross, and causes them to triumph, relying upon this,we ought to venture farther than we had been accustomed, having now a pledge of our victory in the persons of our brethren. The knowledge of this ought to overcome our fears, that we may speak boldly in the midst of dangers.
McArther Bible Commentary
most of the brethren. With the exception of those detractors identified in verses Php 1:15-16, who were attacking Paul. much more bold to speak. Paul's example of powerful witness to the gospel as a prisoner demonstrated God's faithfulness to His persecuted children and that their imprisonment would not halt the progress of the gospel. This encouraged others to be bold and not fear imprisonment.
Bible Cross References
Acts 4:29 Acts 4:31 2 Corinthians 3:12 2 Corinthians 7:4 Philippians 1:7 Philippians 1:20 2 Timothy 2:9

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Some indeed preach Christ out of contention - Envying St. Paul's success, and striving to hurt him thereby. Not sincerely - From a real desire to glorify God. But supposing - Though they were disappointed. To add more affliction to my bonds - By enraging the Romans against me.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Some indeed. Here is another fruit of Paul’s bonds, that not only were the brethren stirred up to confidence by his example — some by maintaining their position, others by becoming more eager to teach — but even those who wished him evil were on another account stirred up to publish the gospel.
McArther Bible Commentary
from envy and strife. The attitude of Paul's detractors, who really did preach the gospel but were jealous of his apostolic power and authority, his success and immense giftedness. Strife connotes contention, rivalry, and conflict, which resulted when Paul's critics began discrediting him. from goodwill. Goodwill speaks of satisfaction and contentment, the attitude that Paul's supporters had for him personally and for his ministry.
Bible Cross References
Romans 2:8 2 Corinthians 11:13

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Some indeed preach Christ out of contention - Envying St. Paul's success, and striving to hurt him thereby. Not sincerely - From a real desire to glorify God. But supposing - Though they were disappointed. To add more affliction to my bonds - By enraging the Romans against me.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Some, I say, from contention. Here we have a lengthened detail, in which he explains more fully the foregoing statement; for he repeats that there are two classes of men that are stirred up by his bonds to preach Christ — the one influenced by contention, that is, by depraved affection — the other by pious zeal, as being desirous to maintain along with him the defense of the gospel. The former, he says, do notpreach Christ purely, because it was not a right zeal.For the term does not apply to doctrine, because it is possible that the man who teaches most purely, may, nevertheless, not be of a sincere mind.Now, that this impurity was in the mind, and did not shew itself in doctrine, may be inferred from the context. Paul assuredly would have felt no pleasure in seeing the gospel corrupted; yet he declares that he rejoices in the preaching of those persons, while it was not simple or sincere.It is asked, however, how such preaching could be injurious to him? I answer, that many occasions are unknown to us, inasmuch as we are not acquainted with the circumstances of the times. It is asked farther, “Since the gospel cannot be preached but by those that understand it, what motive induced those persons to persecute the doctrine of which they approved?” I answer, that ambition is blind, nay, it is a furious beast. Hence it is not to be wondered if false brethren snatch a weapon from the gospel for harassing good and pious pastors. Paul, assuredly, says nothing hereof which I have not myself had experience. For there are living at this very day those who have preached the gospel with no other design, than that they might gratify the rage of the wicked by persecuting pious pastors. As to Paul’s enemies, it is of importance to observe, if they were Jews, how mad their hatred was, so as even to forget on what account they hated him. For while they made it their aim to destroy him, they exerted themselves to promote the gospel, on account of which they were hostile to him; but they imagined, no doubt, that the cause of Christ would stand or fallin the person of one individual. If, however, there were envious persons,who were thus hurried away by ambition, we ought to acknowledge the wonderful goodness of God, who, notwithstanding, gave such a prosperous issue to their depraved affections.
McArther Bible Commentary
selfish ambition. This describes those who were interested only in self-advancement, or who ruthlessly sought to get ahead at any cost. Paul's detractors used his incarceration as an opportunity to promote their own prestige by accusing Paul of being so sinful the Lord had chastened him by imprisonment. not sincerely. See note on verse Php 1:10. Paul's preacher critics did not have pure motives.
Bible Cross References
1 Corinthians 9:17 Philippians 1:5 Philippians 1:7 Philippians 2:22 Philippians 4:3 Philippians 4:15

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
But the others out of love - To Christ and me. Knowing - Not barely, supposing. That I am set - Literally, I lie; yet still going forward in his work. He remained at Rome as an ambassador in a place where he is employed on an important embassy.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
That for the defense. Those who truly loved Christ reckoned that it would be a disgrace to them if they did not associate themselves with Paul as his companions, when maintaining the cause of the gospel; and we must act in such a manner, as to give a helping hand, as far as possible, to the servants of Christ when in difficulty.Observe, again, this expression —for the defense of the gospelFor since Christ confers upon us so great an honor, what excuse shall we have, if we shall be traitors to his cause,or what may we expect, if we betray it by our silence, but thatheshall in return desert our cause, who is our soleAdvocate, or Patron,with the Father?(1 John 2:1.)
McArther Bible Commentary
the latter out of love. Paul's supporters were motivated by genuine affection for him and confidence in his virtue (cf. 1Co 13:1-2). appointed. The Greek word describes a soldier's being placed on duty. Paul was in prison because he was destined to be there by God's will, in order to be in a strategic position to proclaim the gospel. defense of the gospel. See note on verse Php 1:7.
Bible Cross References
Romans 2:8 Philippians 1:7 Philippians 1:18 Philippians 2:3 2 Timothy 2:9

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
In pretence - Under colour of propagating the gospel. In truth - With a real design so to do.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
But in every way. As the wicked disposition of those of whom he has spoken might detract from the acceptableness of the doctrine,he says that this ought to be reckoned of great importance, that they nevertheless promoted the cause of the gospel, whatever their disposition might be. For God sometimes accomplishes an admirable work by means of wicked and depraved instruments. Accordingly, he says that he rejoices in a happy result of this nature; because this one thing contented him — if he saw the kingdom of Christ increasing — just as we, on hearing that that impure dog Caroluswas scattering the seeds of pure doctrine at Avignon and elsewhere, we gave thanks to God because he had made use of that most profligate and worthless villain for his glory: and at this day we rejoice that the progress of the gospel is advanced by many who, nevertheless, had another design in view. But though Paul rejoiced in the advancement of the gospel, yet, had the matter been in his hand, he would never have ordained such persons as ministers. We ought, therefore, to rejoice if God accomplishes anything that is good by means of wicked persons; but they ought not on that account to be either placed by us in the ministry, or looked upon as Christ’s lawful ministers.
McArther Bible Commentary
I rejoice … will rejoice. Paul's joy was not tied to his circumstances or his critics (cf. Psa 4:7-8; Rom 12:12; 2Co 6:10). He was glad when the gospel was proclaimed with authority, no matter who received credit. He endured the unjust accusations without bitterness at his accusers. Rather, he rejoiced that they preached Christ, even in a pretense of godliness.
Bible Cross References
Philippians 1:17 Philippians 1:19

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
This shall turn to my salvation - Shall procure me an higher degree of glory. Through your prayer - Obtaining for me a larger supply of the Spirit.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For I know thatAs some published the gospel with the view of rendering Paul odious, in order that they might kindle up against him the more the rage of his enemies, he tells them beforehand that their wicked attempts will do him no harm, because the Lord will turn them to a contrary design. “Though they plot my destruction, yet I trust that all their attempts will have no other effect but that Christ will be glorified in me — which is a thing most salutary to me.” For it is evident from what follows, that he is not speaking of the safety of the body. But whence this confidence on the part of Paul? It is from what he teaches elsewhere, (Romans 8:28,) — that all things contribute to the advantage of God’s true worshippers, even though the whole world, with the devil, its prince, should conspire together for their ruin.Through your prayerThat he may stir them up to pray more ardently, he declares that he is confident that the Lord will give them an answer to their prayers. Nor does he use dissimulation: for he who depends for help on the prayers of the saints relies on the promise of God. In the mean time, nothing is detracted from the unmerited goodness of God, on which depend our prayers, and what is obtained by means of them.And the supply. Let us not suppose, that because he joins these two things in one connection, they are consequently alike. The statement must, therefore, be explained in this manner: — “I know that all this will turn out to my advantage, through the administration of the Spirit, you also helping by prayer,” — so that the supply of the Spirit is the efficient cause, while prayer is a subordinate help. We must also observe the propriety of the Greek term, forἐπιχορηγίαis employed to mean the furnishing of what is wanting,just as the Spirit of God pours into us everything of which we are destitute.He calls him, too, the Spirit of Jesus Christ, to intimate, that if we are Christians, he is common to all of us, inasmuch as he was poured upon him with all fullness, that, according to the measure of his grace, he might give out, so far as is expedient, to each of his members.
McArther Bible Commentary
my deliverance. Deliverance is from the basic Greek term for salvation. But it can also be rendered "well-being" or "escape," which presents four possible interpretations: (1) it refers to Paul's ultimate salvation; (2) it alludes to his deliverance from threatened execution; (3) he would finally be vindicated by the emperor's ruling; or (4) Paul is talking about his eventual release from prison. Whatever Paul's precise meaning, he was certain he would be freed from his temporary distress (Job 13:16; cf. Job 19:26; Psa 22:4-5, Psa 22:8; Psa 31:1; Psa 33:18-19; Psa 34:7; Psa 41:1). Spirit of Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit (Rom 8:9; Gal 4:6). Paul had supreme confidence in the Spirit (cf. Zec 4:6; Joh 14:16; Rom 8:26; Eph 3:20).
Bible Cross References
Acts 16:7 Romans 8:9 2 Corinthians 1:11 Galatians 3:5 Philippians 1:18

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Fortifies them against being cast down at his sufferings.
The apostle was a prisoner at Rome; and to take off the offence of the cross, he shows the wisdom and goodness of God in his sufferings. These things made him known, where he would never have otherwise been known; and led some to inquire after the gospel. He suffered from false friends, as well as from enemies. How wretched the temper of those who preached Christ out of envy and contention, and to add affliction to the bonds that oppressed this best of men! The apostle was easy in the midst of all. Since our troubles may tend to the good of many, we ought to rejoice. Whatever turns to our salvation, is by the Spirit of Christ; and prayer is the appointed means of seeking for it. Our earnest expectation and hope should not be to be honoured of men, or to escape the cross, but to be upheld amidst temptation, contempt, and affliction. Let us leave it to Christ, which way he will make us serviceable to his glory, whether by labour or suffering, by diligence or patience, by living to his honour in working for him, or dying to his honour in suffering for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
As always - Since my call to the apostleship. In my body - however it may he disposed of. How that might be, he did not yet know. For the apostles did not know all things; particularly in things pertaining to themselves, they had room to exercise faith and patience.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
According to my expectation. Should any one object, “From what do you derive that knowledge?” he answers, “From hope.” For as it is certain that God does not by any means design to frustrate our hope, hope itself ought not to be wavering. Let then the pious reader carefully observe this adverbsecundum, (according to,) that he may be fully assured in his own mind, that it is impossible but that the Lord will fulfill our expectation, inasmuch as it is founded on his own word. Now, he has promised that he will never be wanting to us even in the midst of all tortures, if we are at any time called to make confession of his name. Let, therefore, all the pious entertain hope after Paul’s example, and they will not be put to shame.With all confidenceWe see that, in cherishing hope, he does not give indulgence to carnal desires, but places his hope in subjection to the promise of God. “Christ,” says he, “will be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death” By making express mention, however, of the body, he intimates that, amongst the conflicts of the present life, he is in no degree doubtful as to the issue, for we are assured as to this by God. If, accordingly, giving ourselves up to the good pleasure of God, and having in our life the same object in view as Paul had, we expect, in whatever way it may be, a prosperous issue, we shall no longer have occasion to fear lest any adversity should befall us; for if we live and die to him, we are his in life and in death. (Romans 14:8.) He expresses the way in whichChrist will be magnified— by full assurance. Hence it follows, that through our fault he is cast down and lowered, so far as it is in our power to do so, when we give way through fear. Do not those then feel ashamed who reckon it a light offense to tremble,when called to make confession of the truth? But how much ashamed ought those to feel, who are so shamelessly impudent as to have the hardihood even to excuse renunciation?He adds, as always, that they may confirm their faith from past experience of the grace of God. Thus, inRomans 5:4, he says,Experience begets hope.
McArther Bible Commentary
earnest expectation. This Greek word indicates keen anticipation of the future, as when someone stretches his neck to see what lies ahead. Paul was very confident and excited about Christ's promise (see Mat 10:32). nothing … ashamed. See Isa 49:23; Rom 9:33; cf. Psa 25:2-3; Psa 40:15-16; Psa 119:80; Isa 1:27-29; Isa 45:14-17; Jer 12:13; Zep 3:11.
Bible Cross References
Psalm 119:116 Acts 4:31 Romans 5:5 Romans 8:19 Romans 14:7 Romans 14:8 1 Corinthians 6:20 2 Corinthians 3:12 2 Corinthians 7:4 Philippians 1:14 1 Peter 4:16

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He stood prepared for glorifying Christ by life, or death.
Death is a great loss to a carnal, worldly man, for he loses all his earthly comforts and all his hopes; but to a true believer it is gain, for it is the end of all his weakness and misery. It delivers him from all the evils of life, and brings him to possess the chief good. The apostle's difficulty was not between living in this world and living in heaven; between these two there is no comparison; but between serving Christ in this world and enjoying him in another. Not between two evil things, but between two good things; living to Christ and being with him. See the power of faith and of Divine grace; it can make us willing to die. In this world we are compassed with sin; but when with Christ, we shall escape sin and temptation, sorrow and death, for ever. But those who have most reason to desire to depart, should be willing to remain in the world as long as God has any work for them to do. And the more unexpected mercies are before they come, the more of God will be seen in them.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
(Galatians 2:20; see EGW on Galatians 6:14; Revelation 3:1). What Is a Christian?
—When the apostle Paul, through the revelation of Christ, was converted from a persecutor to a Christian, he declared that he was as one born out of due time. Henceforward Christ was all and in all to him. “For to me to live is Christ,” he declared. This is the most perfect interpretation in a few words, in all the Scriptures, of what it means to be a Christian. This is the whole truth of the gospel. Paul understood what many seem unable to comprehend. How intensely in earnest he was! His words show that his mind was centered in Christ, that his whole life was bound up with his Lord. Christ was the author, the support, and the source of his life (The Review and Herald, October 19, 1897).(2 Corinthians 11:26, 27; Ephesians 4:13.) Paul's Moral Stature—Paul attained to the full moral stature of a man in Christ Jesus. By what a process was his soul developed! His life was a continual scene of hardship, conflict, and toil [
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
To me to live is Christ - To know, to love, to follow Christ, is my life, my glory, my joy.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For to me to live. Interpreters have hitherto, in my opinion, given a wrong rendering and exposition to this passage; for they make this distinction, that Christ was life to Paul, and death was gain. I, on the other hand, make Christ the subject of discourse in both clauses, so that he is declared to be gain in him both in life and in death; for it is customary with the Greeks to leave the wordπρόςto be understood. Besides that this meaning is less forced, it also corresponds better with the foregoing statement, and contains more complete doctrine. He declares that it is indifferent to him, and is all one, whether he lives or dies, because, having Christ, he reckons both to begain. And assuredly it is Christ alone that makes us happy both in death and in life; otherwise, if death is miserable, life is in no degree happier; so that it is difficult to determine whether it is more advantageous to live or to dieout of Christ. On the other hand, let Christ be with us, and he will bless our life as well as our death, so that both will be happy and desirable for us.
McArther Bible Commentary
to me, to live is Christ. For Paul, life is summed up in Jesus Christ; Christ was his reason for being. See notes on Php 3:12-14. to die is gain. Death would relieve him of earthly burdens and let him focus totally on glorifying God (see notes on Php 1:23-24; cf. Act 21:13).
Bible Cross References
Galatians 2:20 Philippians 1:22

Verse 22

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He stood prepared for glorifying Christ by life, or death.
Death is a great loss to a carnal, worldly man, for he loses all his earthly comforts and all his hopes; but to a true believer it is gain, for it is the end of all his weakness and misery. It delivers him from all the evils of life, and brings him to possess the chief good. The apostle's difficulty was not between living in this world and living in heaven; between these two there is no comparison; but between serving Christ in this world and enjoying him in another. Not between two evil things, but between two good things; living to Christ and being with him. See the power of faith and of Divine grace; it can make us willing to die. In this world we are compassed with sin; but when with Christ, we shall escape sin and temptation, sorrow and death, for ever. But those who have most reason to desire to depart, should be willing to remain in the world as long as God has any work for them to do. And the more unexpected mercies are before they come, the more of God will be seen in them.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Here he begins to treat of the former clause of the preceding verse. Of the latter he treats, Phlippians 2:17 . But if I am to live is the flesh, this is the fruit of my labour - This is the fruit of my living longer, that I can labour more. Glorious labour! desirable fruit! in this view, long life is indeed a blessing. And what I should choose I know not - That is, if it were left to my choice.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
But if to live in the flesh. As persons in despair feel in perplexity as to whether they ought to prolong their life any farther in miseries, or to terminate their troubles by death, so Paul, on the other hand, says that he is, in a spirit of contentment, so well prepared for death or for life, because the condition of believers, both in the one case and in the other, is blessed, so that he is at a loss which to choose.If it is worth while;that is, “If I have reason to believe that there will be greater advantage from my life than from my death, I do not see which of them I ought to prefer.”To live in the flesh, is an expression which he has made use of in contempt, from comparing it with a better life.
McArther Bible Commentary
the flesh. Cf. verse Php 1:24. Here this word refers not to one's fallen humanness (as in Rom 7:5, Rom 7:18; Rom 8:1), but simply to physical life (as in 2Co 10:3; Gal 2:20). fruit. See notes on Rom 1:13. Paul knew that the only reason to remain in this world was to bring souls to Christ and build up believers to do the same. See note on 2Co 4:15.
Bible Cross References
Romans 1:13 Philippians 1:23

Verse 23

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He stood prepared for glorifying Christ by life, or death.
Death is a great loss to a carnal, worldly man, for he loses all his earthly comforts and all his hopes; but to a true believer it is gain, for it is the end of all his weakness and misery. It delivers him from all the evils of life, and brings him to possess the chief good. The apostle's difficulty was not between living in this world and living in heaven; between these two there is no comparison; but between serving Christ in this world and enjoying him in another. Not between two evil things, but between two good things; living to Christ and being with him. See the power of faith and of Divine grace; it can make us willing to die. In this world we are compassed with sin; but when with Christ, we shall escape sin and temptation, sorrow and death, for ever. But those who have most reason to desire to depart, should be willing to remain in the world as long as God has any work for them to do. And the more unexpected mercies are before they come, the more of God will be seen in them.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
To depart - Out of bonds, flesh, the world. And to be with Christ - In a nearer and fuller union. It is better to depart; it is far better to be with Christ.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For I am in a straitPaul did not desire to live with any other object in view than that of promoting the glory of Christ, and doing good to the brethren. Hence he does not reckon that he has any other advantage from living than the welfare of the brethren. But so far as concerns himself personally, it were, he acknowledges, better for him to die soon, because he would bewith Christ.By his choice, however, he shews what ardent love glowed in his breast. There is nothing said here as to earthly advantages, but as to spiritual benefit, which is on good grounds supremely desirable in the view of the pious. Paul, however, as if forgetful of himself, does not merely hold himself undetermined, lest he should be swayed by a regard to his own benefit rather than that of the Philippians, but at length concludes that a regard to them preponderates in his mind. And assuredly this is in reality to live and die to Christ, when, with indifference as to ourselves, we allow ourselves to be carried and borne away withersoever Christ calls us.Having a desire to be set free and to be with ChristThese two things must be read in connection. For death of itself will never be desired, because such a desire is at variance with natural feeling, but is desired for some particular reason, or with a view to some other end. Persons in despair have recourse to it from having become weary of life; believers, on the other hand, willingly hasten forward to it, because it is a deliverance from the bondage of sin, and an introduction into the kingdom of heaven. What Paul now says is this; “I desire to die, because I will, by this means, come into immediate connection with Christ.” In the mean time, believers do not cease to regard death with horror, but when they turn their eyes to that life which follows death, they easily overcome all dread by means of that consolation. Unquestionably, every one that believes in Christ ought to be so courageous as tolift up his headon mention being made of death, delighted to have intimation of hisredemption. (Luke 21:28.) From this we see how many are Christians only in name, since the greater part, on hearing mention made of death, are not merely alarmed, but are rendered almost lifeless through fear, as though they had never heard a single word respecting Christ. O the worth and value of a good conscience! Now faith is the foundation of a good conscience; nay more, it is itself goodness of conscience.To be set freeThis form of expression is to be observed. Profane persons speak of death as the destruction of man, as if he altogether perished. Paul here reminds us, that death is the separation of the soul from the body. And this he expresses more fully immediately afterwards, explaining as to what condition awaits believers after death — that ofdwelling with ChristWe arewith Christeven in this life, inasmuch as thekingdom of God is within us, (Luke 17:21,) andChrist dwells in us by faith,(Ephesians 3:17,) and has promised that hewill be with us even unto the end of the world, (Matthew 28:20,) but that presence we enjoy only in hope. Hence as to our feeling, we are said to be at present at adistancefrom him. See2 Corinthians 5:6. This passage is of use for setting aside the mad fancy of those who dream that souls sleep when separated from the body, for Paul openly declares that we enjoy Christ’s presence on being set free from the body.
McArther Bible Commentary
hard-pressed. The Greek word pictures a traveler on a narrow path, a rock wall on either side allowing him to go only straight ahead. depart and be with Christ. Paul knew if he died he would have complete, conscious, intimate, unhindered fellowship with his Lord (see notes on 2Co 5:1, 2Co 5:8; 2Ti 4:6-8). far better. Lit. "very much better," the highest superlative.
Bible Cross References
John 12:26 2 Corinthians 5:8 Philippians 1:24 2 Timothy 4:6

Verse 24

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He stood prepared for glorifying Christ by life, or death.
Death is a great loss to a carnal, worldly man, for he loses all his earthly comforts and all his hopes; but to a true believer it is gain, for it is the end of all his weakness and misery. It delivers him from all the evils of life, and brings him to possess the chief good. The apostle's difficulty was not between living in this world and living in heaven; between these two there is no comparison; but between serving Christ in this world and enjoying him in another. Not between two evil things, but between two good things; living to Christ and being with him. See the power of faith and of Divine grace; it can make us willing to die. In this world we are compassed with sin; but when with Christ, we shall escape sin and temptation, sorrow and death, for ever. But those who have most reason to desire to depart, should be willing to remain in the world as long as God has any work for them to do. And the more unexpected mercies are before they come, the more of God will be seen in them.
McArther Bible Commentary
more needful for you. Paul yielded his personal desire to be with his Lord for the necessity of the building of the church (see Php 2:3-4).
Bible Cross References
Philippians 1:23 Philippians 1:25

Verse 25

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He stood prepared for glorifying Christ by life, or death.
Death is a great loss to a carnal, worldly man, for he loses all his earthly comforts and all his hopes; but to a true believer it is gain, for it is the end of all his weakness and misery. It delivers him from all the evils of life, and brings him to possess the chief good. The apostle's difficulty was not between living in this world and living in heaven; between these two there is no comparison; but between serving Christ in this world and enjoying him in another. Not between two evil things, but between two good things; living to Christ and being with him. See the power of faith and of Divine grace; it can make us willing to die. In this world we are compassed with sin; but when with Christ, we shall escape sin and temptation, sorrow and death, for ever. But those who have most reason to desire to depart, should be willing to remain in the world as long as God has any work for them to do. And the more unexpected mercies are before they come, the more of God will be seen in them.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
I know - By a prophetic notice given him while he was writing this. That I shall continue some time longer with you - And doubtless he did see them after this confinement.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
And having this confidence. Some, reckoning it an inconsistent thing that the Apostleshould acknowledge himself to have been disappointed of his expectation, are of opinion that he was afterwards freed from bonds, and went over many countries of the world. Their fears, however, as to this are groundless, for the saints are accustomed to regulate their expectations according to the word of God, so as not to promise themselves more than God has promised. Thus, when they have a sure token of God’s will, they in that case place their reliance also upon a sure persuasion, which admits of no hesitation. Of this nature is a persuasion respecting a perpetual remission of sins, respecting the aid of the Spirit for the grace of final perseverance, (as it is called,) and respecting the resurrection of the flesh. Of this nature, also, was the assurance of the Prophets respecting their prophecies. As to other things, they expect nothing except conditionally, and hence they subject all events to the providence of God, who, they allow, sees more distinctly than they. Toremain, means here, to stay for a little while: tocontinue, means, to remain for a long time.
McArther Bible Commentary
confident … I shall remain. Paul's conviction-not a supernatural revelation-that their need would determine that he stay on earth longer. progress … of faith. Progress pictures trail blazing so that an army can advance (see note on Php 1:12). Paul wanted to cut a new path for the Philippians to follow to victory; the increasing of their faith would result in the increasing of their joy.
Bible Cross References
Philippians 1:24 Philippians 2:24 Philemon 1:22

Verse 26

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
He stood prepared for glorifying Christ by life, or death.
Death is a great loss to a carnal, worldly man, for he loses all his earthly comforts and all his hopes; but to a true believer it is gain, for it is the end of all his weakness and misery. It delivers him from all the evils of life, and brings him to possess the chief good. The apostle's difficulty was not between living in this world and living in heaven; between these two there is no comparison; but between serving Christ in this world and enjoying him in another. Not between two evil things, but between two good things; living to Christ and being with him. See the power of faith and of Divine grace; it can make us willing to die. In this world we are compassed with sin; but when with Christ, we shall escape sin and temptation, sorrow and death, for ever. But those who have most reason to desire to depart, should be willing to remain in the world as long as God has any work for them to do. And the more unexpected mercies are before they come, the more of God will be seen in them.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
That your glorying. The expression which he employs,ἐν ἐμόι, I have renderedde me (as to me,)because the preposition is made use of twice, but in different senses. No one assuredly will deny that I have faithfully brought out Paul’s mind. The rendering given by some —per Christum, (through Christ,)I do not approve of. Forin Christis employed in place ofSecundum Christum, (According to Christ,)orChristiane, (Christianly,)to intimate that it was a holy kind ofglorying. For otherwise we are commanded toglory in God alone. (1 Corinthians 1:31.) Hence malevolent persons might meet Paul with the objection, How is it allowable for the Philippians to glory as to thee? He anticipates this calumny by saying that they will do thisaccording to Christ— glorying in a servant of Christ, with a view to the glory of his Lord, and that with an eye to the doctrine rather than to the individual, and in opposition to the false apostles, just as David, by comparing himself with hypocrites, boasts of his righteousness. (Psalm 7:8.)
McArther Bible Commentary
rejoicing for me … in Jesus Christ. The Greek word order is "that your rejoicing may be more abundant in Jesus Christ for me." The point is, as Paul lived on fruitfully, their joy and confidence would overflow because of Christ's working in him, not because of anything he himself did by his own ability.
Bible Cross References
2 Corinthians 5:12 2 Corinthians 7:4 2 Corinthians 7:14 Galatians 6:4 Philippians 2:16

Verse 27

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Exhortations to zeal, and constancy in professing the gospel.
Those who profess the gospel of Christ, should live as becomes those who believe gospel truths, submit to gospel laws, and depend upon gospel promises. The original word "conversation" denotes the conduct of citizens who seek the credit, safety, peace, and prosperity of their city. There is that in the faith of the gospel, which is worth striving for; there is much opposition, and there is need of striving. A man may sleep and go to hell; but he who would go to heaven, must look about him and be diligent. There may be oneness of heart and affection among Christians, where there is diversity of judgment about many things. Faith is God's gift on the behalf of Christ; the ability and disposition to believe are from God. And if we suffer reproach and loss for Christ, we are to reckon them a gift, and prize them accordingly. Yet salvation must not be ascribed to bodily afflictions, as though afflictions and worldly persecutions deserved it; but from God only is salvation: faith and patience are his gifts.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Only - Be careful for this, and nothing else. Stand fast in one spirit - With the most perfect unanimity. Striving together - With united strength and endeavours. For the faith of the gospel - For all the blessings revealed and promised therein.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Only in a manner worthy of the gospel. We make use of this form of expression, when we are inclined to pass on to a new subject. Thus it is as though he had said, “But as for me, the Lord will provide, but as for you, etc., whatever may take place as to me, let it be your care, nevertheless, to go forward in the right course.” When he speaks of a pure and honorable conversation as being worthy of the gospel, he intimates, on the other hand, that those who live otherwise do injustice to the gospel.That whether I comeAs the Greek phrase made use of by Paul is elliptical, I have made use ofvideam, (I see,)instead ofvidens (seeing.)If this does not appear satisfactory, you may supply the principal verbIntelligam, (I may learn,)in this sense: “Whether, when I shall come and see you, or whether I shall, when absent, hear respecting your condition, I may learn in both ways, both by being present and by receiving intelligence, that yestand in one spirit.” We need not, however, feel anxiety as to particular terms, when the meaning is evident.Stand in one spiritThis, certainly, is one of the main excellences of the Church, and hence this is one means of preserving it in a sound state, inasmuch as it is torn to pieces by dissensions. But although Paul was desirous by means of this antidote to provide against novel and strange doctrines, yet he requires a twofold unity — ofspiritandsoul. Thefirstis, that we have like views; thesecond, that we be united in heart. For when these two terms are connected together,spiritus (spirit)denotes theunderstanding, whileanima (soul)denotes thewill. Farther, agreement of views comes first in order; and then from it springs union of inclination.Striving together for the faithThis is the strongest bond of concord, when we have to fight together under the same banner, for this has often been the occasion of reconciling even the greatest enemies. Hence, in order that he may confirm the more the unity that existed among the Philippians, he calls them to notice that they are fellow-soldiers, who, having a common enemy and a common warfare, ought to have their minds united together in a holy agreement. The expression which Paul has made use of in the Greek (συναθλοῦντες τὣ πίστει) is ambiguous. The old interpreter renders itCollaborantes fidei, (laboring together with the faith.)Erasmus renders itAdiuvantes fidem, (Helping the faith,)as if meaning, that they gavehelpto thefaithto the utmost of their power. As, however, the dative in Greek is made use of instead of the ablative of instrumentality, (that language having no ablative,) I have no doubt that the Apostle’s meaning is this: “Let the faith of the gospel unite you together, more especially as that is a common armory against one and the same enemy.” In this way the particleσύν, which others refer tofaith, I take as referring to the Philippians, and with greater propriety, if I am not mistaken. In the first place, every one is aware how effectual an inducement it is to concord, when we have to maintain a conflict together; and farther, we know that in the spiritual warfare we are armed with theshield of faith, (Ephesians 6:16,) for repelling the enemy; nay, more, faith is both our panoply and our victory. Hence he added this clause, that he might shew what is the end of a pious connection. The wicked, too, conspire together for evil, but their agreement is accursed: let us, therefore, contend with one mind under the banner of faith.
McArther Bible Commentary
worthy of the gospel. Believers are to have integrity, i.e., to live consistent with what they believe, teach, and preach. Cf. Eph 4:1; Col 1:10; 1Th 2:11-12; 1Th 4:1; Tit 2:10; 2Pe 3:11, 2Pe 3:14. one spirit … one mind. This introduces Paul's theme of unity that continues through Php 2:4. His call for genuine unity of heart and mind is based on (1) the necessity of oneness to win the spiritual battle for the faith (Php 1:28-30); (2) the love of others in the fellowship (Php 2:1-2); (3) genuine humility and self-sacrifice (Php 2:3-4); and (4) the example of Jesus Christ, who proved that sacrifice produces eternal glory (Php 2:5-11). striving together. Lit. "to struggle along with someone." Paul changed the metaphor from that of a soldier standing at his post ("stand fast") to one of a team struggling for victory against a common foe. the faith of the gospel. The Christian faith as revealed by God and recorded in the Scripture (Jud 1:3; cf. Rom 1:1; Gal 1:7).
Bible Cross References
Acts 4:32 1 Corinthians 1:10 1 Corinthians 16:13 Ephesians 4:1 Philippians 1:5 Philippians 3:20 Philippians 4:1 Jude 1:3

Verse 28

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Exhortations to zeal, and constancy in professing the gospel.
Those who profess the gospel of Christ, should live as becomes those who believe gospel truths, submit to gospel laws, and depend upon gospel promises. The original word "conversation" denotes the conduct of citizens who seek the credit, safety, peace, and prosperity of their city. There is that in the faith of the gospel, which is worth striving for; there is much opposition, and there is need of striving. A man may sleep and go to hell; but he who would go to heaven, must look about him and be diligent. There may be oneness of heart and affection among Christians, where there is diversity of judgment about many things. Faith is God's gift on the behalf of Christ; the ability and disposition to believe are from God. And if we suffer reproach and loss for Christ, we are to reckon them a gift, and prize them accordingly. Yet salvation must not be ascribed to bodily afflictions, as though afflictions and worldly persecutions deserved it; but from God only is salvation: faith and patience are his gifts.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Which - Namely, their being adversaries to the word of God, and to you the messengers of God. Is an evident token - That they are in the high road to perdition; and you, in the way of salvation.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
And in nothing terrified. The second thing which he recommends to the Philippians is fortitude of mind,that they may not be thrown into confusion by the rage of their adversaries. At that time the most cruel persecutions raged almost everywhere, because Satan strove with all his might to impede the commencement of the gospel, and was the more enraged in proportion as Christ put forth powerfully the grace of his Spirit. He exhorts, therefore, the Philippians to stand forward undaunted, and not be thrown into alarm.Which is to them a manifest proof. This is the proper meaning of the Greek word, and there was no consideration that made it necessary for others to render itcause.For the wicked, when they wage war against the Lord, do already by a trial-fight, as it were, give a token of their ruin, and the more fiercely they insult over the pious, the more do they prepare themselves for ruin. The Scripture, assuredly, nowhere teaches, that the afflictions which the saints endure from the wicked are thecauseof their salvation, but Paul in another instance, too, speaks of them as amanifest tokenorproof, (2 Thessalonians 1:5,) and instead ofἔνδειξιν, which we have here, he in that passage makes use of the termἔνδειγμαThis, therefore, is a choice consolation, that when we are assailed and harassed by our enemies, we have an evidence of our salvation.For persecutions are in a manner seals of adoption to the children of God, if they endure them with fortitude and patience: the wicked give a token of their condemnation, because they stumble against a stone by which they shall be bruised to pieces. (Matthew 21:44.)And that from God. This is restricted to the last clause, that a taste of the grace of God may allay the bitterness of the cross. No one will naturally perceive the cross a token or evidence of salvation, for they are things that are contrary in appearance. Hence Paul calls the attention of the Philippians to another consideration — that God by his blessing turns into an occasion of welfare things that might otherwise seem to render us miserable. He proves it from this, that the endurance of the cross is the gift of God. Now it is certain, that all the gifts of God are salutary to us.To you, says he, it is given, not only to believe in Christ, but also to suffer for him.Hence even the sufferings themselves are evidences of the grace of God; and, since it is so, you have from this source a token of salvation. Oh, if this persuasion were effectually inwrought in our minds — that persecutionsare to be reckoned among God’s benefits, what progress would be made in the doctrine of piety!And yet, what is more certain, than that it is the highest honor that is conferred upon us by Divine grace, that we suffer for his name either reproach, or imprisonment, or miseries, or tortures, or even death, for in that case he adorns us with his marks of distinction.But more will be found that will rather bid God retire with gifts of that nature, than embrace with alacrity the cross when it is presented to them. Alas, then, for our stupidity!
McArther Bible Commentary
proof of perdition. When believers willingly suffer without being "terrified," it is a sign that God's enemies will be destroyed and eternally lost (see notes on 2Th 1:4-8).
Bible Cross References
John 16:8 2 Thessalonians 1:5

Verse 29

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Exhortations to zeal, and constancy in professing the gospel.
Those who profess the gospel of Christ, should live as becomes those who believe gospel truths, submit to gospel laws, and depend upon gospel promises. The original word "conversation" denotes the conduct of citizens who seek the credit, safety, peace, and prosperity of their city. There is that in the faith of the gospel, which is worth striving for; there is much opposition, and there is need of striving. A man may sleep and go to hell; but he who would go to heaven, must look about him and be diligent. There may be oneness of heart and affection among Christians, where there is diversity of judgment about many things. Faith is God's gift on the behalf of Christ; the ability and disposition to believe are from God. And if we suffer reproach and loss for Christ, we are to reckon them a gift, and prize them accordingly. Yet salvation must not be ascribed to bodily afflictions, as though afflictions and worldly persecutions deserved it; but from God only is salvation: faith and patience are his gifts.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
For to you it is given - As a special token of God's love, and of your being in the way of salvation.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
To believe. He wisely conjoins faith with the cross by an inseparable connection, that the Philippians may know that they have been called to the faith of Christ on this condition — that they endure persecutions on his account, as though he had said that their adoption can no more be separated from the cross, than Christ can be torn asunder from himself. Here Paul clearly testifies, that faith, as well as constancy in enduring persecutions,is an unmerited gift of God. And certainly the knowledge of God is a wisdom that is too high for our attaining it by our own acuteness, and our weakness shews itself in daily instances in our own experience, when God withdraws his hand for a little while. That he may intimate the more distinctly that both are unmerited, he says expressly — for Christ’s sake, or at least that they are given to us on the ground of Christ’s grace; by which he excludes every idea of merit.This passage is also at variance with the doctrine of the schoolmen, in maintaining that gifts of grace latterly conferred are rewards of our merit, on the ground of our having made a right use of those which had been previously bestowed. I do not deny, indeed, that God rewards the right use of his gifts of grace by bestowing grace more largely upon us, provided only you do not place merit, as they do, in opposition to his unmerited liberality and the merit of Christ.
McArther Bible Commentary
granted … to suffer. See notes on Php 3:10; 1Pe 2:19-21; cf. Mat 5:10-12; Act 5:41. The Greek verb translated "granted" is from the noun for grace. Believers' suffering is a gift of grace which brings power (2Co 7:9-10; 1Pe 5:10) and eternal reward (1Pe 4:13).
Bible Cross References
Matthew 5:11 Matthew 5:12 Acts 14:22

Verse 30

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Exhortations to zeal, and constancy in professing the gospel.
Those who profess the gospel of Christ, should live as becomes those who believe gospel truths, submit to gospel laws, and depend upon gospel promises. The original word "conversation" denotes the conduct of citizens who seek the credit, safety, peace, and prosperity of their city. There is that in the faith of the gospel, which is worth striving for; there is much opposition, and there is need of striving. A man may sleep and go to hell; but he who would go to heaven, must look about him and be diligent. There may be oneness of heart and affection among Christians, where there is diversity of judgment about many things. Faith is God's gift on the behalf of Christ; the ability and disposition to believe are from God. And if we suffer reproach and loss for Christ, we are to reckon them a gift, and prize them accordingly. Yet salvation must not be ascribed to bodily afflictions, as though afflictions and worldly persecutions deserved it; but from God only is salvation: faith and patience are his gifts.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Having the same kind of conflict with your adversaries, which ye saw in me - When I was with you, (Acts 16:12) , (Acts 16:19) , &c.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Having the same conflict. He confirms, also, by his own example what he had said, and this adds no little authority to his doctrine. By the same means, too, he shews them, that there is no reason why they should feel troubled on account of his bonds, when they behold the issue of the conflict.
McArther Bible Commentary
same conflict. The same kind of suffering Paul had experienced (Php 1:12-14; Act 16:22-24). you saw. This refers to what the Philippians witnessed when Paul and Silas were imprisoned at Philippi (Act 16:19-40).
Bible Cross References
Acts 16:19 Philippians 1:13 Colossians 1:29 Colossians 2:1 1 Thessalonians 2:2 1 Timothy 6:12 2 Timothy 4:7 Hebrews 10:32 Hebrews 12:1