1 And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?

And he said unto him, God forbid; thou shalt not die: behold, my father will do nothing either great or small, but that he will shew it me: and why should my father hide this thing from me? it is not so.

And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.

Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee.

And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.

If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.

If he say thus, It is well; thy servant shall have peace: but if he be very wroth, then be sure that evil is determined by him.

Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the Lord with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father?

And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?

10 Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?

11 And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field.

12 And Jonathan said unto David, O Lord God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and shew it thee;

13 The Lord do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the Lord be with thee, as he hath been with my father.

14 And thou shalt not only while yet I live shew me the kindness of the Lord, that I die not:

15 But also thou shalt not cut off thy kindness from my house for ever: no, not when the Lord hath cut off the enemies of David every one from the face of the earth.

16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the Lord even require it at the hand of David's enemies.

17 And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul.

18 Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.

19 And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel.

20 And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I shot at a mark.

21 And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. If I expressly say unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no hurt; as the Lord liveth.

22 But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way: for the Lord hath sent thee away.

23 And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, behold, the Lord be between thee and me for ever.

24 So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was come, the king sat him down to eat meat.

25 And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, and David's place was empty.

26 Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean.

27 And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day?

28 And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:

29 And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table.

30 Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?

31 For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die.

32 And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?

33 And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.

34 So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

35 And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.

36 And he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.

37 And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee?

38 And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.

39 But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter.

40 And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city.

41 And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.

42 And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, The Lord be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
McArther Bible Commentary
Naioth in Ramah. See note on 1Sa 19:18.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:2 1 Samuel 24:9 Psalm 54:3

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Is it not so - For Jonathan gave credit to his father's oath, (1 Samuel 19:6) .
McArther Bible Commentary
my father hide this thing from me? Although Jonathan expressed his certainty that Saul was not seeking David's life, he may have been unaware of the most recent attempts on David's life (1Sa 19:9-24) and was trusting in his father's oath not to harm David (1Sa 19:6). Jonathan expected to be informed by Saul of any change in his plans.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:1 1 Samuel 20:3 Proverbs 29:24

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
David sware - The matter being of great moment, and Jonathan doubting the truth of it, he confirms his word with an oath, which follows in the end of the verse. Only he interposeth a reason why Saul concealed it from Jonathan.
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 6:13 1 Samuel 20:2 1 Samuel 20:4 1 Samuel 25:26 2 Kings 2:6

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:3 1 Samuel 20:5

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
To the third day - That is, unto the next day, but one after the new moon. His meaning is not, that he would hide himself in any certain place all the three days, but that he would secure himself either at Bethlehem with his friends, or in any other place 'till the third day.
McArther Bible Commentary
the New Moon. The first day of the month, referred to as "the New Moon," was celebrated with a sacrificial meal (cf. 2Ki 4:23; Isa 1:13; Amo 8:5) and served as both a religious and civil festival (Num 10:10; 1Sa 28:11-15). hide in the field. As in 1Sa 19:2-3, David hid from Saul in a secret place.
Bible Cross References
Numbers 10:10 Numbers 28:11 1 Samuel 19:2 1 Samuel 20:4 1 Samuel 20:18 1 Samuel 20:24 1 Samuel 20:27 Amos 8:5

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Asked me - Who being the king's son and deputy, used to give license to military men to depart for a season upon just occasions.
McArther Bible Commentary
a yearly sacrifice. Apparently, David's family held an annual family reunion that coincided with one of the monthly new moon celebrations (cf. 1Sa 20:28-29).
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 12:5 1 Samuel 9:12 1 Samuel 17:58 1 Samuel 20:28

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:33 1 Samuel 25:17

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Deal kindly - In giving me timely notice, and a true account of Saul's disposition and intention towards me. A covenant of the Lord - That is, a solemn covenant, not lightly undertaken, but seriously entered into, in the name and fear of God, and in his presence, calling him to be the witness of our sincerity therein, and the avenger of perfidiousness in him that breaks it. Slay me - I am contented thou shouldst kill me. For why - Why shouldst thou betray me to thy father, by concealing his evil intentions from me?
McArther Bible Commentary
covenant. Cf. 1Sa 18:1, 1Sa 20:3. Jonathan and David had solemnly pledged their friendship and loyalty to each other before the Lord. Their covenant is further amplified in verses 1Sa 20:13-17, 1Sa 20:42; 1Sa 23:17-18. kill me yourself. As his covenant friend, David asked Jonathan to kill him, if he was deserving of death because of his possible sin.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 18:3 1 Samuel 20:9 1 Samuel 23:18 2 Samuel 14:32

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 19:3 1 Samuel 20:8 1 Samuel 20:10

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
David consults Jonathan.
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:9 1 Samuel 20:11

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:10 1 Samuel 20:12

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
O Lord God - Do thou hear and judge between us. It is an abrupt speech which is usual in great passions.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:11 1 Samuel 20:13 1 Samuel 23:18 2 Samuel 21:7

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
Bible Cross References
Joshua 1:5 Ruth 1:17 1 Samuel 3:17 1 Samuel 17:37 1 Samuel 18:12 1 Samuel 19:3 1 Samuel 20:12 1 Samuel 20:14 1 Samuel 25:22 1 Kings 1:37 1 Chronicles 22:11 1 Chronicles 22:16

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Kindness as the Lord - That kindness to which thou hast engaged thyself, in the covenant sworn between thee and me in God's presence. I die not - That thou do not kill me or mine, as princes of another line use to kill the nearest relations of the former line, from whom the kingdom was translated to them.
McArther Bible Commentary
the kindness of the Lord. Jonathan acknowledged that David would one day be Israel's king. With that in mind, Jonathan requested protection for him and his family when David took the throne.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 40:14 1 Samuel 20:13 1 Samuel 20:15 1 Samuel 20:23 1 Samuel 24:21 2 Samuel 9:1 2 Samuel 9:3

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:14 1 Samuel 20:23 1 Samuel 20:42 2 Samuel 9:1 2 Samuel 9:3

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
A covenant - The covenant which before was personal, he now extends to the whole house of David, expecting a reciprocal enlargement of it on David's side, which doubtless he obtained. Enemies - If either I or any of my house shall break this covenant, and shall prove enemies to David or to his house, let the Lord, the witness of this covenant, severely punish the violators of it.
McArther Bible Commentary
the house of David. This covenant was not only binding on Jonathan and David, but also on the descendants of each. See 2Sa 9:1-8 for the account of David's kindness to a descendant of Jonathan in fulfillment of this covenant. David's enemies. Jonathan perceived that among David's adversaries who would be cut off when he became king was his own father, Saul (cf. 1Sa 18:29; 1Sa 19:17).
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 23:21 1 Samuel 20:42 1 Samuel 22:8 1 Samuel 25:22 Jeremiah 40:9

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Swear again - Heb. and Jonathan added or proceeded to make David swear; that is, having himself sworn to David or adjured David, in the foregoing verse, he here requires David's oath to him, by way of restipulation or confirmation. Loved him - Because he had a true friendship for David, he desired that the covenant might be inviolably observed through all their generations.
McArther Bible Commentary
vow. In response to Jonathan's words, David solemnly pledged to fulfill the covenant between himself and Jonathan. loved him as … his own soul. A deep concern and affection was the basis of the covenantal relationship between Jonathan and David. This is the affection commanded by God when He said, "Love your neighbor as yourself" (Lev 19:18; Mat 22:39).
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 18:1 Jeremiah 40:9

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:5 1 Samuel 20:19 1 Samuel 20:25

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Was in hand - When this same business which now they were treating about, was in agitation formerly; namely, to discover Saul's mind and purpose towards him, (1 Samuel 19:2-3) . Ezel - By that stone which directs travellers in the way; namely, in some cave, or convenient place, which was near it.
McArther Bible Commentary
stone Ezel. Ezel may mean "departure stone." The location of this stone is unknown, but it was a well-known landmark in the field where David was hiding.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:18 1 Samuel 20:20

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:19 1 Samuel 20:21 1 Samuel 20:36

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
I will send - I will send him out before I shoot, to find out, and take up the arrows which I shall shoot. And I shall shoot them either short of him, or beyond him, as I shall see occasion.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:20 1 Samuel 20:22 1 Samuel 20:36

Verse 22

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:21 1 Samuel 20:37 1 Samuel 20:42

Verse 23

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan's covenant with David.
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Between - As a witness and a judge between us and our families for ever, if on either side this league of friendship be violated.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 31:49 Genesis 31:53 1 Samuel 20:14 1 Samuel 20:15 1 Samuel 20:24 1 Samuel 20:42

Verse 24

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Hid himself - Namely, at the time appointed: for it seems probable, that he went first to Bethlehem, and thence returned to the field, when the occasion required.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:5 1 Samuel 20:23 1 Samuel 20:25

Verse 25

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Arose - He rose from his seat where he was sat next the king, and stood at Abner's coming, to do honour to him, who was his father's cousin, and the general of the army.
McArther Bible Commentary
Abner. Saul's cousin and commander of his army (see note on 1Sa 14:50).
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:18 1 Samuel 20:24

Verse 26

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Something - Some accident which has rendered him unclean, and so unfit to partake of this feast, which consisted in part of the remainders of the peace - offerings, according to the law, (Leviticus 7:20) . Unfit also to come into any company, much more, into the king's company, lest he should pollute them also.
McArther Bible Commentary
unclean. At first, Saul did not question David's absence at the feast, assuming that he was ritually unclean and, thus, could not participate in the meal (cf. Lev 7:20-21; Lev 15:16).
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 7:20 Leviticus 7:21 Leviticus 15:5 1 Samuel 16:5 1 Samuel 20:27

Verse 27

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Son of Jesse - So he calls him in scorn, to note the meanness of his original; and as not deigning to call him by his proper name. To day - For the uncleanness which came by some chance, usually lasted but for one day.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:5 1 Samuel 20:26 1 Samuel 20:28

Verse 28

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:6 1 Samuel 20:27 1 Samuel 20:29

Verse 29

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 16:2 1 Samuel 20:28 1 Samuel 20:30

Verse 30

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Thy confusion - Men will conclude that thou hast no royal blood in thy veins, that canst so tamely give up thy crown to so contemptible a person.
McArther Bible Commentary
son of a perverse, rebellious woman! With a vile epithet, Saul was cursing Jonathan, not Jonathan's mother, for having sided with David to his own shame and the shame of the mother who birthed him.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:29 1 Samuel 20:31

Verse 31

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:30 1 Samuel 23:17 1 Samuel 26:16 2 Samuel 12:5

Verse 32

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
Bible Cross References
Matthew 27:23 Genesis 31:36 1 Samuel 19:4 1 Samuel 19:5 1 Samuel 22:14 Proverbs 31:9

Verse 33

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
To smite him - Saul seemed to be in great care, that Jonathan should be established in his kingdom: and now he himself aims at his life! What fools, what worse than savage beasts does anger make.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 18:11 1 Samuel 19:10 1 Samuel 20:7 1 Samuel 20:34

Verse 34

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan.
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:33 1 Samuel 20:35

Verse 35

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan takes leave of David.
The separation of two such faithful friends was grievous to both, but David's case was the more deplorable, for David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary. Christians need not sorrow, as men without hope; but being one with Christ, they are one with each other, and will meet in his presence ere long, to part no more; to meet where all tears shall be wiped from their eyes.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:34 1 Samuel 20:36

Verse 36

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan takes leave of David.
The separation of two such faithful friends was grievous to both, but David's case was the more deplorable, for David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary. Christians need not sorrow, as men without hope; but being one with Christ, they are one with each other, and will meet in his presence ere long, to part no more; to meet where all tears shall be wiped from their eyes.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:20 1 Samuel 20:21 1 Samuel 20:35

Verse 37

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan takes leave of David.
The separation of two such faithful friends was grievous to both, but David's case was the more deplorable, for David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary. Christians need not sorrow, as men without hope; but being one with Christ, they are one with each other, and will meet in his presence ere long, to part no more; to meet where all tears shall be wiped from their eyes.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
To - That is, near the place. For the words following shew, that he was not yet come thither.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:22 1 Samuel 20:38

Verse 38

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan takes leave of David.
The separation of two such faithful friends was grievous to both, but David's case was the more deplorable, for David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary. Christians need not sorrow, as men without hope; but being one with Christ, they are one with each other, and will meet in his presence ere long, to part no more; to meet where all tears shall be wiped from their eyes.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:37 1 Samuel 20:39

Verse 39

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan takes leave of David.
The separation of two such faithful friends was grievous to both, but David's case was the more deplorable, for David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary. Christians need not sorrow, as men without hope; but being one with Christ, they are one with each other, and will meet in his presence ere long, to part no more; to meet where all tears shall be wiped from their eyes.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:38 1 Samuel 20:40

Verse 40

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan takes leave of David.
The separation of two such faithful friends was grievous to both, but David's case was the more deplorable, for David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary. Christians need not sorrow, as men without hope; but being one with Christ, they are one with each other, and will meet in his presence ere long, to part no more; to meet where all tears shall be wiped from their eyes.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Artillery - His bow, and arrows, and quiver.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:39 1 Samuel 20:41

Verse 41

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan takes leave of David.
The separation of two such faithful friends was grievous to both, but David's case was the more deplorable, for David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary. Christians need not sorrow, as men without hope; but being one with Christ, they are one with each other, and will meet in his presence ere long, to part no more; to meet where all tears shall be wiped from their eyes.
McArther Bible Commentary
bowed down three times. David's bowing down more than once acknowledged Jonathan as the prince, and expressed humble affection for him.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 42:6 1 Samuel 18:3 1 Samuel 20:40 1 Samuel 25:23

Verse 42

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Jonathan takes leave of David.
The separation of two such faithful friends was grievous to both, but David's case was the more deplorable, for David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary. Christians need not sorrow, as men without hope; but being one with Christ, they are one with each other, and will meet in his presence ere long, to part no more; to meet where all tears shall be wiped from their eyes.
McArther Bible Commentary
sworn. See note on 1Sa 20:17. the city. I.e., Gibeah, the home of Saul. From this point until Saul's death, David was an outcast from the royal court.
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 20:15 1 Samuel 20:16 1 Samuel 20:22 1 Samuel 20:23 1 Samuel 23:18 1 Samuel 25:35 2 Samuel 9:1