1 In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.

And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?

And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest.

And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.

And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the Lord is your way wherein ye go.

Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; and there was no magistrate in the land, that might put them to shame in any thing; and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no business with any man.

And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What say ye?

And they said, Arise, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to possess the land.

10 When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth.

11 And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of war.

12 And they went up, and pitched in Kirjathjearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahanehdan unto this day: behold, it is behind Kirjathjearim.

13 And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah.

14 Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.

15 And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him.

16 And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate.

17 And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.

18 And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?

19 And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?

20 And the priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.

21 So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them.

22 And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.

23 And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company?

24 And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee?

25 And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household.

26 And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house.

27 And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire.

28 And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Bethrehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein.

29 And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.

30 And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.

31 And they set them up Micah's graven image, which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.

Commentary

Verse 1

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Those days - Not long after Joshua's death. The tribe - A part of that tribe, consisting only of six hundred men of war, with their families, (Judges 18:16) , (Judges 18:21) . Inheritance - The lot had fallen to them before this time, but not the actual possession, because the Philistines and Amorites opposed them.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 19:40 Joshua 19:47 Judges 17:6 Judges 17:13 Judges 19:1 Judges 21:25

Verse 2

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
There - Not in the same house, but near it.
McArther Bible Commentary
On the migration by the tribe of Dan to a new territory, see note on Jdg 1:34. Dan was an example of tribal idolatry.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 15:33 Judges 13:25 Judges 17:1 Judges 18:3

Verse 3

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Knew - By the acquaintance which some of them formerly had with him.
Bible Cross References
Judges 18:2 Judges 18:4

Verse 4

Bible Cross References
Judges 17:12 Judges 18:3 Judges 18:5

Verse 5

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Ask - By thine Ephod, and Teraphim, or images, which they knew he had, (Judges 18:14) .
McArther Bible Commentary
Please inquire of God. The passage does not say if the Levite did in fact seek God's counsel before giving reassurance (Jdg 18:6); the Danites should have prayed to seek God's counsel before (1) making this trip and (2) consulting a disobedient priest as one would an oracle.
Bible Cross References
Judges 18:4 Judges 18:6

Verse 6

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Before the Lord - That is, your design is under the eye of God; that is, under his care, protection and direction. This answer he either feigns to gratify their humour; or, did indeed receive from the devil, who transformed himself into an angel of light, and in God's name gave him answers, and those not sometimes very true, which God suffered for the trial of his people. But it is observable, his answer was, as the devil's oracles usually were, ambiguous, and such as might have been interpreted either way.
Bible Cross References
Judges 18:5 Judges 18:7 1 Samuel 1:17

Verse 7

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Manner of the Zidonians - Who living in a very strong place, and abounding in wealth, and perceiving that the Israelites never attempted anything against them, were grown secure and careless. Put to shame - Or, that might rebuke or punish any thing, that is, any crime. Putting to shame seems to be used for inflicting civil punishment, because shame is generally the effect of it. Zidonians - Who otherwise could have succoured them, and would have been ready to do it. No business - No league or confederacy, nor much converse with other cities, it being in a pleasant and plentiful soil, between the two rivulets of Jor and Dan, not needing supplies from others, and therefore minding only their own ease and pleasure.
McArther Bible Commentary
Laish. Known also as Leshem (cf. Jos 19:47), this was a secluded, rich land.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 19:47 Judges 18:6 Judges 18:8 Judges 18:27 Judges 18:29 1 Kings 16:31 1 Chronicles 4:40 Jeremiah 49:31

Verse 8

Bible Cross References
Joshua 15:33 Judges 18:7 Judges 18:9

Verse 9

Bible Cross References
Joshua 18:3 Judges 18:8 Judges 18:10

Verse 10

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Given - This they gather partly from God's promise which they supposed they had from the Levite's mouth; and partly from his providence, which had so disposed them, that they would be an easy prey.
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 8:9 Judges 18:9 Judges 18:11

Verse 11

Bible Cross References
Joshua 15:33 Judges 13:25 Judges 18:10 Judges 18:12

Verse 12

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Mahaneh - dan - That is, the camp of Dan.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 9:17 Joshua 15:9 Judges 13:25 Judges 18:11 Judges 18:13

Verse 13

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
To the house - That is, to the town in which his house was, for they were not yet entered into it.
Bible Cross References
Judges 18:12 Judges 18:14

Verse 14

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Answered - That is, spake, the word answering being often used in scripture of the first speaker. These houses - That is, in one of these houses. What to do - Whether it be not expedient to take them for your farther use.
McArther Bible Commentary
The Danites seized the idols of Micah by force, probably because they believed those false idols were the source of power to give them the land they had found. The apostate Levite who had served Micah as priest sold out again to be a priest for the Danites (Jdg 18:18-20, Jdg 18:30), who were not bothered by his defection, but rather believed in his spiritual power.
Bible Cross References
Judges 8:27 Judges 17:5 Judges 18:13 Judges 18:15 1 Samuel 19:13 Hosea 3:4

Verse 15

Bible Cross References
Judges 18:14 Judges 18:16

Verse 16

Bible Cross References
Judges 18:15 Judges 18:17

Verse 17

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Thither - Into the house, and that part of it, where those things were. The gate - Whither they had drawn him forth, that they might without noise or hindrance take them away.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 31:19 Genesis 31:30 Judges 18:16 Judges 18:18 1 Samuel 19:13 Isaiah 41:29 Isaiah 46:2 Ezekiel 21:21 Hosea 3:4 Micah 5:13

Verse 18

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
These - The five men.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 26:1 Judges 18:17 Judges 18:19 Isaiah 46:2

Verse 19

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Lay thy hand - That is, be silent. A family - Namely, a tribe, that is, a family.
Bible Cross References
Judges 17:10 Judges 18:18 Judges 18:20 Job 21:5 Job 29:9 Job 40:4

Verse 20

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Was glad - Being wholly governed by his own interest. The midst - Both for the greater security of such precious things, and that Micah might not be able to come at him, to injure or upbraid him; and, it may be, because that was the place where the ark used to be carried.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 26:1 Judges 18:19 Judges 18:21 Ezekiel 21:21

Verse 21

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Before them - For their greater security, if Micah should pursue them.
Bible Cross References
Judges 18:20 Judges 18:22 1 Samuel 17:22 Isaiah 10:28

Verse 22

Bible Cross References
Judges 18:21 Judges 18:23

Verse 23

Bible Cross References
Genesis 21:17 Judges 18:22 Judges 18:24 2 Kings 6:28

Verse 24

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
I made - So far was he besotted with superstition and idolatry, that he esteemed those gods, which were man's work. But he could not be so stupid, as to think these were indeed the great Jehovah that made heaven and earth; but only a lower sort of gods, by whom, as mediators, he offered up his worship to the true God, as divers of the Heathen did. What have I - I value nothing I have in comparison of what you have taken away. Which zeal for idolatrous trash may shame multitudes that call themselves Christians, and yet value their worldly conveniences more than all the concerns of their own salvation. Is Micah thus fond of his false gods? And how ought we to be affected toward the true God? Let us reckon our communion with God our greatest gain; and the loss of God the sorest loss. Wo unto us, if He depart! For what have we more.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 31:30 Judges 17:5 Judges 18:23 Judges 18:25

Verse 25

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Thy voice - Thy complaints and reproaches. Angry fellows - The soldiers, who are in themselves sharp and fierce, and will soon be enflamed by thy provoking words. Thy Life - Which, not withstanding all thy pretences, thou dost value more than thy images.
Bible Cross References
Judges 18:24 Judges 18:26

Verse 26

Bible Cross References
Genesis 49:16 Judges 18:25 Judges 18:27 1 Kings 12:29

Verse 27

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Burnt - Not wholly, but in great measure, to make their conquest more easy.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 49:16 Joshua 19:47 Judges 18:7 Judges 18:26

Verse 28

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And they built a city - That is, rebuilt it.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 10:6 Judges 18:29

Verse 29

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Of Dan - That it might be manifest, that they belonged to the tribe of Dan, though they were seated at a great distance from them, in the most northerly part of the land; whereas the lot of their tribe was in the southern part of Canaan.
McArther Bible Commentary
name of the city Dan. This was in the northernmost extremity of the land of Canaan, hence the origin of the phrase, "from Dan to Beersheba," as indicating the land from north to south (cf. Jdg 20:1).
Bible Cross References
Genesis 14:14 Joshua 19:47 Judges 18:7 1 Kings 15:20 Jeremiah 8:16

Verse 30

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Image - Having succeeded in their expedition according to the prediction which, as they supposed, they had from this image, they had a great veneration for it. The captivity - When the whole land of the ten tribes, whereof Dan was one, was conquered, and the people carried captive by the Assyrian, (2 Kings 17:6) , (2 Kings 17:23) , which is called by way of eminency, the captivity. It is not said, that the graven image was there so long, for that is restrained to a shorter date, even to the continuance of the ark in Shiloh, (Judges 18:31) , which was removed thence, (1 Samuel 4:3-5) . But only that Jonathan's posterity, (so his name is at last mentioned) were priests to this tribe or family of Dan, which they might be under all the changes, even 'till the Assyrian captivity, sometimes more openly, sometimes more secretly, sometimes in one way of idolatry, and sometimes in another.
McArther Bible Commentary
the son of Manasseh. Some manuscripts say "son of Manasseh," others "son of Moses," which may be more probable as Gershom was a son of Moses (Exo 2:22; Exo 18:3). This idolatrous priestly service continued until the captivity. This is most likely (1) the captivity of Israel by Assyria in 722 B.C. (2Ki 15:29; 2Ki 17:1-6) or, if not, (2) the Philistine captivity of the ark from Shiloh (see Jdg 18:31) in 1Sa 4:11.
Bible Cross References
Exodus 2:22 Exodus 18:3 Judges 17:3 Judges 17:5

Verse 31

McArther Bible Commentary
the house of God was in Shiloh. The ark of God was far away from them, so they justified their idolatry by their distance from the rest of Israel. This caused perpetual idolatry for many generations.
Bible Cross References
Joshua 18:1 Judges 21:19 Jeremiah 7:12 Jeremiah 41:5