1 And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of mount Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Bethlehemjudah.

And his concubine played the whore against him, and went away from him unto her father's house to Bethlehemjudah, and was there four whole months.

And her husband arose, and went after her, to speak friendly unto her, and to bring her again, having his servant with him, and a couple of asses: and she brought him into her father's house: and when the father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.

And his father in law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days: so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.

And it came to pass on the fourth day, when they arose early in the morning, that he rose up to depart: and the damsel's father said unto his son in law, Comfort thine heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward go your way.

And they sat down, and did eat and drink both of them together: for the damsel's father had said unto the man, Be content, I pray thee, and tarry all night, and let thine heart be merry.

And when the man rose up to depart, his father in law urged him: therefore he lodged there again.

And he arose early in the morning on the fifth day to depart; and the damsel's father said, Comfort thine heart, I pray thee. And they tarried until afternoon, and they did eat both of them.

And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father in law, the damsel's father, said unto him, Behold, now the day draweth toward evening, I pray you tarry all night: behold, the day groweth to an end, lodge here, that thine heart may be merry; and to morrow get you early on your way, that thou mayest go home.

10 But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed, and came over against Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there were with him two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him.

11 And when they were by Jebus, the day was far spent; and the servant said unto his master, Come, I pray thee, and let us turn in into this city of the Jebusites, and lodge in it.

12 And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside hither into the city of a stranger, that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass over to Gibeah.

13 And he said unto his servant, Come, and let us draw near to one of these places to lodge all night, in Gibeah, or in Ramah.

14 And they passed on and went their way; and the sun went down upon them when they were by Gibeah, which belongeth to Benjamin.

15 And they turned aside thither, to go in and to lodge in Gibeah: and when he went in, he sat him down in a street of the city: for there was no man that took them into his house to lodging.

16 And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even, which was also of mount Ephraim; and he sojourned in Gibeah: but the men of the place were Benjamites.

17 And when he had lifted up his eyes, he saw a wayfaring man in the street of the city: and the old man said, Whither goest thou? and whence comest thou?

18 And he said unto him, We are passing from Bethlehemjudah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and I went to Bethlehemjudah, but I am now going to the house of the Lord; and there is no man that receiveth me to house.

19 Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses; and there is bread and wine also for me, and for thy handmaid, and for the young man which is with thy servants: there is no want of any thing.

20 And the old man said, Peace be with thee; howsoever let all thy wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street.

21 So he brought him into his house, and gave provender unto the asses: and they washed their feet, and did eat and drink.

22 Now as they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain sons of Belial, beset the house round about, and beat at the door, and spake to the master of the house, the old man, saying, Bring forth the man that came into thine house, that we may know him.

23 And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them, Nay, my brethren, nay, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into mine house, do not this folly.

24 Behold, here is my daughter a maiden, and his concubine; them I will bring out now, and humble ye them, and do with them what seemeth good unto you: but unto this man do not so vile a thing.

25 But the men would not hearken to him: so the man took his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning: and when the day began to spring, they let her go.

26 Then came the woman in the dawning of the day, and fell down at the door of the man's house where her lord was, till it was light.

27 And her lord rose up in the morning, and opened the doors of the house, and went out to go his way: and, behold, the woman his concubine was fallen down at the door of the house, and her hands were upon the threshold.

28 And he said unto her, Up, and let us be going. But none answered. Then the man took her up upon an ass, and the man rose up, and gat him unto his place.

29 And when he was come into his house, he took a knife, and laid hold on his concubine, and divided her, together with her bones, into twelve pieces, and sent her into all the coasts of Israel.

30 And it was so, that all that saw it said, There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this day: consider of it, take advice, and speak your minds.

Commentary

Verse 1

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
A. concubine - Heb. a wife, a concubine, that is, such a concubine as was also his wife: called a concubine, only because she was not endowed. Perhaps he had nothing to endow her with, being himself only a sojourner.
McArther Bible Commentary
Here is an example of the kind of personal immorality that went on during this era.
Bible Cross References
Judges 17:6 Judges 17:7 Judges 18:1 Judges 19:2 Judges 19:16 Judges 21:25

Verse 2

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Against him - That is, against her faith given to him. Went away - Either for fear of punishment; or, because her heart was alienated from him; wherein not only she sinned, but her father by connivance at her sin, and neglect of just endeavours for her reconciliation to her husband.
McArther Bible Commentary
played the harlot. She should have been killed as the law required and could have been, if there was a devotion to holiness and obedience to Scripture (cf. Lev 20:10). A priest was not allowed to marry a harlot (Lev 21:14), so his ministry was greatly tainted. Yet, he made little of her sin and separation and sought her back sympathetically (Jdg 19:3).
Bible Cross References
Judges 17:7 Judges 19:1 Judges 19:3

Verse 3

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Friendly - To offer her pardon and reconciliation.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 34:3 Genesis 50:21 Judges 19:2 Judges 19:4

Verse 4

Bible Cross References
Genesis 24:55 Judges 19:3 Judges 19:5

Verse 5

Bible Cross References
Genesis 18:5 Judges 19:4 Judges 19:8 Psalm 104:15

Verse 6

Bible Cross References
Judges 16:25 Judges 19:7 Judges 19:9 Judges 19:22 Ruth 3:7 2 Samuel 13:28 1 Kings 21:7 Esther 1:10

Verse 7

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:6 Judges 19:8

Verse 8

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:5 Judges 19:7 Judges 19:9 Psalm 104:15

Verse 9

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:6 Judges 19:8 Judges 19:10 Ruth 3:7 2 Samuel 13:28

Verse 10

McArther Bible Commentary
Jebus. An early title for Jerusalem because of Jebusite control (Jdg 1:21) until David wrested it away to become his capital (2Sa 5:6-9). Another early name for the city was Salem (Gen 14:18; cf. Psa 76:2).
Bible Cross References
Judges 19:9 1 Chronicles 11:4 1 Chronicles 11:5

Verse 11

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:12 Judges 19:19

Verse 12

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
A stranger - That is, of a strange nation: which the Canaanites possess; for though the city Jerusalem had been taken by Caleb, (Judges 1:8) , yet the strong fort of Zion was still in their hands, whence it is likely they did much molest, and afterwards by God's permission, drive out the Israelites who dwelt there.
McArther Bible Commentary
Gibeah. Jerusalem was still partially out of the control of Israelites. Gibeah was under Israelite control and presumably safer.
Bible Cross References
Judges 19:11 Judges 19:13 Hosea 9:9

Verse 13

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:12 Judges 19:14

Verse 14

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:13 Judges 19:15 Judges 19:16

Verse 15

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
To lodge - Though they were soft and effeminate in other respects, yet they were hard - hearted to strangers, and at that time there were no public - houses in that country.
McArther Bible Commentary
People of the Benjamite town of Gibeah failed to extend the expected courtesy of a lodging. This opened the door to immorality.
Bible Cross References
Judges 19:14 Judges 19:16

Verse 16

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Ephraim - Whence also the Levite was, which enclined him to shew the more kindness to his country - man. Benjamites - This was indeed one of the cities belonging to the priests; but the cities which were given to the priests, and whereof they were owners, were not inhabited by the priests or Levites only, especially at this time when they were but few in number, but by many other persons of different professions.
Bible Cross References
Judges 19:1 Judges 19:14 Judges 19:15 Judges 19:17 Hosea 9:9

Verse 17

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:16 Judges 19:18 2 Samuel 12:4 Isaiah 33:8 Jeremiah 14:8

Verse 18

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
House of the Lord - Which was in Shiloh. Thither he went, either because he lived there, for that was in the tribe of Ephraim; or, rather, because he would there offer prayers and praises, and sacrifices to God, for his mercy in reconciling him and his wife.
McArther Bible Commentary
going to the house of the Lord. He was headed for Shiloh to return to priestly duty.
Bible Cross References
Judges 17:7 Judges 19:17 Judges 19:19

Verse 19

Bible Cross References
Genesis 24:25 Judges 19:11 Judges 19:18

Verse 20

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Let all, &c. - It matters not whether thou wantest nothing or everything, I will take care to supply all thy wants.
McArther Bible Commentary
night in the open square. The old man knew the danger of such a place at night.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 43:23 Judges 6:23

Verse 21

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Washed - As they used to do to travellers in those hot countries.
Bible Cross References
Luke 7:44 John 13:5 Genesis 24:32 Genesis 24:33

Verse 22

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Merry - That is, refreshing themselves with the provisions set before them. Sons of belial - Children of the devil, wicked and licentious men.
McArther Bible Commentary
perverted men. Lit. "sons of Belial," i.e., worthless men, who desired to commit sodomy against the Levite. The phrase elsewhere is used for idolaters (Deu 13:13), neglecters of the poor (Deu 15:9), drunks (1Sa 1:16), immoral people (1Sa 2:12), and rebels against the civil authority (2Sa 20:1; Pro 19:28). Belial can be traced to the false god Baal, and is also a term for yoke (they cast off the yoke of decency), and a term for entangling or injuring. It is used in the NT of Satan (2Co 6:15).
Bible Cross References
2 Corinthians 6:15 Genesis 19:4 Genesis 19:5 Deuteronomy 13:13 Judges 19:6 Judges 20:5 1 Samuel 2:12 1 Kings 21:10 Ezekiel 16:46

Verse 23

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Into my house - And therefore I am obliged to protect him by the laws of hospitality.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 34:7 Deuteronomy 22:21 Judges 20:6 2 Samuel 13:12

Verse 24

McArther Bible Commentary
let me bring them out. The host showed a disgraceful compromise in his exaggerated desire to extend hospitality to his male guest. He should have protected all in his house, and so should have the Levite, even at the risk of their own lives in guarding the women. His sad view of women was demonstrated by his willingness to hand his daughter or the guest concubine over to indecent men. Lot's plunge from decency was similar (Gen 19:8). Here, repeated rape and finally murder were the pitiful sequel.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 19:8 Judges 19:25

Verse 25

McArther Bible Commentary
the man took his concubine … to them. This is unthinkable weakness and cowardice for any man, especially a priest of God. Apparently, he even slept through the night, or stayed in bed out of fear, since he didn't see her again until he awakened and prepared to leave (cf. Jdg 19:28).
Bible Cross References
Judges 19:24 Judges 19:26 Judges 20:5

Verse 26

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Fell down - Namely, dead; killed partly with grief of heart, and partly with excessive abuse. Thus the sin she formerly chose, (Judges 19:2) , is now her destruction; and though her husband pardoned her, God would punish her, at least as to this life.
Bible Cross References
Judges 19:25 Judges 19:27

Verse 27

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:26 Judges 19:28 Ezekiel 10:4 Ezekiel 10:18

Verse 28

Bible Cross References
Judges 19:27 Judges 20:5

Verse 29

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Sent - By several messengers, with a relation of the fact.
McArther Bible Commentary
divided her into twelve pieces. The Levite's bizarre butchery to divide the woman's body into twelve parts was his shocking summons for aroused Israelite redress. No doubt a message went with each part, and the fact that he "sent" assumes messengers (cf. 1Sa 11:7). As he calculated, many Israelites were incensed and desired to avenge the atrocity (cf. Jdg 20:30). Nothing could have aroused universal indignation and horror more than this radical summons from the Levite.
Bible Cross References
Judges 20:6 1 Samuel 11:7

Verse 30

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Speak - Let us meet together, and seriously consider, and every one freely speak what is to be done in this case.
Bible Cross References
Judges 20:7 Proverbs 13:10