1 And Jesus entered and passed through Jericho.

2 And, behold, there was a man named Zacchaeus, which was the chief among the publicans, and he was rich.

3 And he sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the press, because he was little of stature.

4 And he ran before, and climbed up into a sycomore tree to see him: for he was to pass that way.

5 And when Jesus came to the place, he looked up, and saw him, and said unto him, Zacchaeus, make haste, and come down; for to day I must abide at thy house.

6 And he made haste, and came down, and received him joyfully.

7 And when they saw it, they all murmured, saying, That he was gone to be guest with a man that is a sinner.

8 And Zacchaeus stood, and said unto the Lord: Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have taken any thing from any man by false accusation, I restore him fourfold.

9 And Jesus said unto him, This day is salvation come to this house, forsomuch as he also is a son of Abraham.

10 For the Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost.

11 And as they heard these things, he added and spake a parable, because he was nigh to Jerusalem, and because they thought that the kingdom of God should immediately appear.

12 He said therefore, A certain nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom, and to return.

13 And he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, and said unto them, Occupy till I come.

14 But his citizens hated him, and sent a message after him, saying, We will not have this man to reign over us.

15 And it came to pass, that when he was returned, having received the kingdom, then he commanded these servants to be called unto him, to whom he had given the money, that he might know how much every man had gained by trading.

16 Then came the first, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained ten pounds.

17 And he said unto him, Well, thou good servant: because thou hast been faithful in a very little, have thou authority over ten cities.

18 And the second came, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained five pounds.

19 And he said likewise to him, Be thou also over five cities.

20 And another came, saying, Lord, behold, here is thy pound, which I have kept laid up in a napkin:

21 For I feared thee, because thou art an austere man: thou takest up that thou layedst not down, and reapest that thou didst not sow.

22 And he saith unto him, Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee, thou wicked servant. Thou knewest that I was an austere man, taking up that I laid not down, and reaping that I did not sow:

23 Wherefore then gavest not thou my money into the bank, that at my coming I might have required mine own with usury?

24 And he said unto them that stood by, Take from him the pound, and give it to him that hath ten pounds.

25 (And they said unto him, Lord, he hath ten pounds.)

26 For I say unto you, That unto every one which hath shall be given; and from him that hath not, even that he hath shall be taken away from him.

27 But those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me.

28 And when he had thus spoken, he went before, ascending up to Jerusalem.

29 And it came to pass, when he was come nigh to Bethphage and Bethany, at the mount called the mount of Olives, he sent two of his disciples,

30 Saying, Go ye into the village over against you; in the which at your entering ye shall find a colt tied, whereon yet never man sat: loose him, and bring him hither.

31 And if any man ask you, Why do ye loose him? thus shall ye say unto him, Because the Lord hath need of him.

32 And they that were sent went their way, and found even as he had said unto them.

33 And as they were loosing the colt, the owners thereof said unto them, Why loose ye the colt?

34 And they said, The Lord hath need of him.

35 And they brought him to Jesus: and they cast their garments upon the colt, and they set Jesus thereon.

36 And as he went, they spread their clothes in the way.

37 And when he was come nigh, even now at the descent of the mount of Olives, the whole multitude of the disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works that they had seen;

38 Saying, Blessed be the King that cometh in the name of the Lord: peace in heaven, and glory in the highest.

39 And some of the Pharisees from among the multitude said unto him, Master, rebuke thy disciples.

40 And he answered and said unto them, I tell you that, if these should hold their peace, the stones would immediately cry out.

41 And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it,

42 Saying, If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes.

43 For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,

44 And shall lay thee even with the ground, and thy children within thee; and they shall not leave in thee one stone upon another; because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation.

45 And he went into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold therein, and them that bought;

46 Saying unto them, It is written, My house is the house of prayer: but ye have made it a den of thieves.

47 And he taught daily in the temple. But the chief priests and the scribes and the chief of the people sought to destroy him,

48 And could not find what they might do: for all the people were very attentive to hear him.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
He passed through Jericho - So that Zaccheus must have lived near the end of the town: the tree was in the town itself. And he was rich - These words seem to refer to the discourse in the last chapter, (Luke 18:24-27) , particularly to (Luke 18:27) . Zaccheus is a proof, that it is possible by the power of God for even a rich man to enter into the kingdom of heaven.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
Bible Cross References
Mark 10:46 Luke 18:35 Luke 19:2

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The chief of the publicans - What we would term, commissioner of the customs. A very honourable as well as profitable place.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
chief tax collector. See note on Mat 5:46. Zacchaeus probably oversaw a large tax district, and had other tax collectors working for him. Jericho alone was a prosperous trading center; so, it is certain that Zacchaeus was a wealthy man. It is striking to note that only a chapter earlier, Luke recorded the account of the rich young ruler, and Jesus' statement about "how hard it is for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God" (Luk 18:24). Here, Jesus demonstrates that with God, nothing is impossible (cf. Luk 18:27). Unique to Luke Luke included twelve events or major passages not found in the other Gospels: Events preceding the birth of John the Baptist and Jesus (Luk 1:5-80) Scenes from Jesus' childhood (Luk 2:1-52) Herod imprisons John the Baptist (Luk 3:19-20) The people of Nazareth reject Jesus (Luk 4:16-30) The first disciples are called (Luk 5:1-11) A widow's son is raised (Luk 7:11-17) A woman anoints Jesus' feet (Luk 7:36-50) Certain women minister to Christ (Luk 8:1-3) Events, teaching, and miracles during the months leading up to Christ's death (10:1-18:14) Christ abides with Zacchaeus (Luk 19:1-27) Herod tries Christ (Luk 23:6-12) Some of Jesus' final words before His ascension (Luk 24:44-49)
Bible Cross References
Matthew 10:3 Luke 19:1 Luke 19:3 Luke 19:5

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
the crowd. Christ was probably traveling with a large entourage of pilgrims to the Passover in Jerusalem. But "the crowd" apparently refers to people in Jericho who lined the street to see Him pass through. They had undoubtedly heard about the recent raising of Lazarus in Bethany, less than fifteen miles away (John 11). That, combined with His fame as a healer and teacher, stirred the entire city when word arrived that He was coming.
Bible Cross References
Mark 15:40 Luke 19:2 Luke 19:4

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And running before - With great earnestness. He climbed up - Notwithstanding his quality: desire conquering honour and shame.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
sycamore tree. A sturdy tree with low, spreading branches. A small person could get out on a limb and hang over the road. This was an undignified position for someone of Zacchaeus's rank, but he was desperate to see Christ.
Bible Cross References
1 Kings 10:27 1 Chronicles 27:28 2 Chronicles 1:15 2 Chronicles 9:27 Psalm 78:47 Isaiah 9:10 Luke 17:6 Luke 19:3 Luke 19:5

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Jesus said, Zaccheus, make haste and come down - What a strange mixture of passions must Zaccheus have now felt, hearing one speak, as knowing both his name and his heart!
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Zaccheus, make haste, and come down.It is a remarkable instance of favor, that the Lord anticipatesZaccheus, and does not wait for his invitation, but of his own accord asks lodging at his house. We know how hateful, nay, how detestable the name ofpublican at that time was; and we shall find that this is shortly afterwards mentioned by Luke. It is therefore astonishing kindness in the Son of God to approach a man, from whom the great body of men recoil, and that before he is requested to do so. But we need not wonder, if he bestows this honor on one who was already drawn to him by a secret movement of the Spirit; for it was a more valuable gift to dwell in his heart than to enter his house. But by this expression he made it evident, that he is never sought in vain by those who sincerely desire to know him; forZaccheus obtained vastly more than he had expected. Besides, the great readiness ofZaccheus to obey, hishastening to come down from the tree, and hisjoy inreceiving Christ, exhibit still more clearly the power and guidance of the Holy Spirit; for, though he did not yet possess a pure faith, yet this submissiveness and obedience must be regarded as the beginning of faith.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
I must stay at your house. This was worded as a mandate, not a request. It is the only place in all the Gospels where Jesus invited Himself to be someone's guest (cf. Isa 65:1).
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:2 Luke 19:4 Luke 19:6

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
joyfully. Such a despicable sinner as a typical tax collector (see note on Mat 5:46) might have been distressed at the prospect of a visit from the perfect, sinless Son of God. But, Zacchaeus's heart was prepared.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:5 Luke 19:7

Verse 7

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
They all murmured - All who were near: though most of them rather out of surprise than indignation.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
And when they saw it, they all murmured.The inhabitants of the town — and, perhaps, some of Christ’s followers —murmur thathe goes to lodge with a man who is looked upon as wicked and infamous, even though nobody invited him. It is thus that the world disregards the offer of the grace of God, but complains bitterlywhen it is conveyed to others. But let us consider how unjust this murmuring was. They think it unreasonable that Christ should bestows so great an honor on a wicked man; for in this passage, as in many others, the wordsinner is not taken in the ordinary sense,but denotes a man of disgraceful and scandalous life. Let us suppose thatZaccheus was a person of this description. Still, we ought first to inquire for what purpose Christ chose to become his guest; for, while out of doors men are murmuring,within the house God displays magnificently the glory of this name, and refutes their wicked calumny.The conversion of Zaccheus was an astonishing work of God, and yet there was no good reason whyZaccheus should be marked with infamy. He had the charge of collecting the taxes. Now to collect taxes was no crime in itself, but men of that class were exceedingly despised and hated by the Jews, because they reckoned it to be in the highest degree unjust that they should pay tribute. But whatever might be the character ofZaccheus, still the kindness of Christ ought not to be blamed, but commended, in not refusing his assistance to a wretched man, to rescue him from destruction, and bring him to salvation. And therefore the offense which was wickedly taken did not hinder him from proceeding to execute his Father’s command. With such magnanimity ought all his ministers to be endued, as to think more highly of the salvation of one soul than of the murmurs which all ignorant persons may utter, and not to desist from their duty, even though all their actions and words may expose them to reproaches.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
they all complained. Both the religious elite and the common people hated Zacchaeus. They did not understand and, in their blind pride, refused to see what possible righteous purpose Jesus had in visiting such a notorious sinner. But He had come to seek and to save the lost (Luk 19:10). See note on Luk 15:2.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 20:11 Luke 19:6 Luke 19:8

Verse 8

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And Zaccheus stood - Showing by his posture, his deliberate, purpose and ready mind, and said, Behold, Lord, I give - I determine to do it immediately.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Let him that stole steal no more; but rather let him labor with his hands, that he may assist the poor and needy, (Ephesians 4:28.)We ought therefore to begin with the heart, but our repentance ought also to be evinced by works.Now let us observe that Zaccheus does not make a present to God out of his extortions, as many rich men give to God a portion of what they have obtained by dishonesty, that they may the more freely pillage in future, and that they may be acquitted of the wrongs which they have formerly done. ButZaccheus devotesthe half of his goodsto God in such a manner, as to give, at the same time, compensation for whatever wrongs he has done; and hence we infer that the riches which he possessed were not the fruit of dishonest gain. ThusZaccheus is not only ready to give satisfaction, if hehas taken any thing by fraud, but shares his lawful possessions with the poor; by which he shows that he is changed from a wolf not only into a sheep, but even into a shepherd. And while he corrects the faults which had been formerly committed, he renounces wicked practices for the future, as God demands from his people, first of all, that they abstain from doing any act of injury.Zaccheus has not laid others under obligation, by his example, to strip themselves ofthe half of their goods; but we have only to observe the rule which the Lord prescribes, that we dedicate ourselves, and all that we have, to holy and lawful purposes.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
I restore fourfold. Zacchaeus's willingness to make restitution was proof that his conversion was genuine. It was the fruit, not the condition, of his salvation. The law required a penalty of one-fifth as restitution for money acquired by fraud (Lev 6:5; Num 5:6-7), so Zacchaeus was doing more than was required. The law required four-fold restitution only when an animal was stolen and killed (Exo 22:1). If the animal was found alive, only two-fold restitution was required (Exo 22:4). But Zacchaeus judged his own crime severely, acknowledging that he was as guilty as the lowest common robber. Since much of his wealth had probably been acquired fraudulently, this was a costly commitment. On top of that, he gave half his goods to the poor. But Zacchaeus had just found incomprehensible spiritual riches and did not mind the loss of material wealth (see notes on Luk 14:28; Mat 13:44-46). He stands in stark contrast with the rich young ruler in Luk 18:18-24.
Bible Cross References
Exodus 22:1 Leviticus 6:5 Numbers 5:7 2 Samuel 12:6 Ezekiel 33:15 Luke 3:14 Luke 7:13 Luke 7:19 Luke 19:7

Verse 9

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
He also is a son of Abraham - A Jew born, and as such has a right to the first offer of salvation.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
a son of Abraham. A Jew by race for whom Christ came as Savior (cf. Mat 1:21; Mat 10:6; Mat 15:24; Joh 4:22).
Bible Cross References
Luke 3:8 Luke 13:16 Luke 16:24 Luke 16:30 Romans 4:11 Romans 4:16 Galatians 3:7

Verse 10

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The conversion of Zaccheus.
Those who sincerely desire a sight of Christ, like Zaccheus, will break through opposition, and take pains to see him. Christ invited himself to Zaccheus' house. Wherever Christ comes he opens the heart, and inclines it to receive him. He that has a mind to know Christ, shall be known of him. Those whom Christ calls, must humble themselves, and come down. We may well receive him joyfully, who brings all good with him. Zaccheus gave proofs publicly that he was become a true convert. He does not look to be justified by his works, as the Pharisee; but by his good works he will, through the grace of God, show the sincerity of his faith and repentance. Zaccheus is declared to be a happy man, now he is turned from sin to God. Now that he is saved from his sins, from the guilt of them, from the power of them, all the benefits of salvation are his. Christ is come to his house, and where Christ comes he brings salvation with him. He came into this lost world to seek and to save it. His design was to save, when there was no salvation in any other. He seeks those that sought him not, and asked not for him.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
(Matthew 18:11) .
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Today is salvation come to this house.Christ, bearing testimony to Zaccheus, declares that his professions were not hypocritical. And yet he does not ascribe to the good works of Zaccheus the cause ofsalvation; but, as that conversion was an undoubted pledge of the divine adoption, he justly concludes from it thatthis house is a possessor ofsalvationSuch, to is the import of the words for, since Zaccheus is one of thechildren of Abraham, he argues that hishouse is saved. In order that any man may be reckoned among thechildren of Abraham, it is necessary for him to imitateAbraham’s faith; nay, Scripture expressly bestows on faith this commendation, that it distinguishes the genuinechildren of Abraham from strangers. Let us therefore know that in Zaccheus faith is chiefly commended, on account of which his good works were acceptable to God. Nor is there reason to doubt that the doctrine of Christ went before the conversion of Zaccheus; and, consequently, the commencement of his salvation was, to hear Christ discoursing on the undeserved mercy of God, and on the reconciliation of men to Him, and on the redemption of the Church, and to embrace this doctrine by faith.In consequence of the Greek word οἴκος; (house) being of the masculine gender, this passage is explained in two ways. The old translator has made the reference to be to Zaccheus, which I also prefer.Erastians has chosen to render it, inasmuch as The House, itself is a Daughter of Abraham;and although I do not disapprove of this, I think it more natural to explain it as referring to ZaccheusFor, since God, when he adopts the head of a family, promises that He will be a God even to his whole house, salvation is, with propriety, extended from the head to the whole body. Now the particle καὶ (also) is emphatic; for Christ means, that Zaccheus, not less than the other Jews who haughtily detested him, is a son of AbrahamAnd that his former life may not seem to have shut against him the gate of salvation, Christ argues from his own office, that there is nothing in this change at which any man ought to take offense, since he was sent by the Father to save those who were lost.
McArther Bible Commentary
the Son of Man. See note on Mat 8:20. to seek and to save that which was lost. The main theme of Luke's Gospel. Cf. Luk 5:31-32; Luk 15:4-7, Luk 15:32; see notes on 1Ti 2:4; 1Ti 4:10.
Bible Cross References
Ezekiel 34:12 Matthew 18:11 John 3:17 1 Timothy 1:15

Verse 11

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
They thought the kingdom of God - A glorious temporal kingdom, would immediately appear.
McArther Bible Commentary
they thought. The disciples still mistakenly assumed that Christ would establish his kingdom on earth at Jerusalem (see note on Luk 17:20).
Bible Cross References
Luke 9:51 Luke 17:20 Acts 1:6

Verse 12

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
. See EGW on Matthew 25:14, 15.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
He went into a far country to receive a kingdom - Christ went to heaven, to receive his sovereign power as wan, even all authority in heaven and earth. (Matthew 25:14) ; (Mark 13:34) .
McArther Bible Commentary
a far country. Kings in Roman provinces like Galilee and Perea actually went to Rome to receive their kingdoms. The entire Herodian dynasty was dependent on Rome for ruling power, and Herod the Great himself had gone to Rome to be given his kingdom. This parable illustrates Christ, who would soon depart to receive His kingdom, and will one day return to rule. It is similar to the parable of the talents (Mat 25:14-30) but there are significant differences (see note on Luk 19:13). That parable was told during the Olivet Discourse (see note on Mat. 24:1-25:46); this one was told on the road from Jericho up to Jerusalem (cf. Luk 19:28).
Bible Cross References
Matthew 25:14 Luke 19:13

Verse 13

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
. See EGW on Matthew 25:14, 15.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Trade till I come - To visit the nation, to destroy Jerusalem, to judge the world: or, in a more particular sense, to require thy soul of thee.
McArther Bible Commentary
minas. A Greek measure of money, equal to slightly more than three month's salary. The mina was one-sixtieth of a talent, meaning that the ten servants in this parable had been given a considerably smaller sum for which to be accountable than any of the three servants in the parable of the talents (Mat 25:14-30).
Bible Cross References
Matthew 25:15 Matthew 25:16 Matthew 25:20 Matthew 25:22 Matthew 25:24 Luke 19:12 Luke 19:14

Verse 14

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
But his citizens - Such were those of Jerusalem, hated him, and sent an embassy after him - The word seems to imply, their sending ambassadors to a superior court, to enter their protest against his being admitted to the regal power. In such a solemn manner did the Jews protest, as it were, before God, that Christ should not reign over them: this man - So they call him in contempt.
McArther Bible Commentary
sent a delegation after him. This was precisely what had happened to Archelaus (see note on Mat 2:22), son of Herod the Great, when he went to Rome to be made tetrarch of Judea. A delegation of Jews traveled to Rome with a protest to Caesar Augustus (see note on Luk 2:1). He refused their complaint and made Archelaus king anyway. Archelaus subsequently built his palace in Jericho, not far from where Jesus told this parable. Archelaus's rule was so inept and despotic that Rome quickly replaced him with a succession of procurators, of whom Pontius Pilate was the fifth. With this parable, Jesus warned that the Jews were about to do the same thing, in a spiritual sense, to their true Messiah.
Bible Cross References
Luke 14:32 Luke 19:13 Luke 19:15 Luke 19:27

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
When he was returned - In his glory.
McArther Bible Commentary
See notes on Mat 25:14-30.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:14 Luke 19:16

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:13 Luke 19:15 Luke 19:17

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
McArther Bible Commentary
faithful in a very little. See note on verse Luk 19:13. Those with relatively small gifts and opportunities are just as responsible to use them faithfully as those who are given much more. over ten cities. The reward is incomparably greater than the ten minas warranted. Note also that the rewards were apportioned according to the servants' diligence: the one who gained ten minas was given ten cities, the one who gained five minas, five cities (Luk 19:19), and so on.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 27:18 Luke 16:10 Luke 19:16 Luke 19:18

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:13 Luke 19:17 Luke 19:19

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:18 Luke 19:20

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:19 Luke 19:21 John 11:44 John 20:7

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
McArther Bible Commentary
I feared you. A craven fear, not borne out of love or reverence, but tainted with contempt for the master (see note on Mat 25:24). Had he had any true regard for the master, a righteous "fear" would have provoked diligence rather than sloth.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:20 Luke 19:22

Verse 22

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
McArther Bible Commentary
You knew. See note on Mat 25:26. This did not suggest that what the man "knew" about the master was true. However, even the knowledge he claimed to have was enough to condemn him. Thus will it be with the wicked in the day of judgment.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 1:16 Luke 19:21 Luke 19:23

Verse 23

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
With interest - Which does not appear to be contrary to any law of God or man. But this is no plea for usury, that is, the taking such interest as implies any degree of oppression or extortion.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 25:27 Luke 19:22 Luke 19:24

Verse 24

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:13 Luke 19:23 Luke 19:25

Verse 25

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
They said - With admiration, not envy.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:24 Luke 19:26

Verse 26

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
(Matthew 25:29) ; (Luke 8:18) .
McArther Bible Commentary
See note on Mat 25:29.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 13:12 Mark 4:25 Luke 8:18 Luke 19:25

Verse 27

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
The parable of the nobleman and his servants.
This parable is like that of the talents, (Matthew 25). Those that are called to Christ, he furnishes with gifts needful for their business; and from those to whom he gives power, he expects service. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal, (1 Corinthians 12:7). And as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same, (1 Peter 4:10). The account required, resembles that in the parable of the talents; and the punishment of the avowed enemies of Christ, as well as of false professors, is shown. The principal difference is, that the pound given to each seems to point out the gift of the gospel, which is the same to all who hear it; but the talents, distributed more or less, seem to mean that God gives different capacities and advantages to men, by which this one gift of the gospel may be differently improved.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
He went before - The foremost of the company, showing his readiness to suffer.
McArther Bible Commentary
those enemies of mine. These illustrated the Jews who actively opposed him. slay them before me. This spoke of harsh, violent judgment and may be a reference to the destruction of Jerusalem (see note on Mat 24:2).
Bible Cross References
1 Samuel 11:12 Matthew 22:7 Luke 19:14 Luke 20:16

Verse 28

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
McArther Bible Commentary
up to Jerusalem. The road from Jericho to Jerusalem was a steep ascent, rising some 4,000 feet in about 20 miles. This represented the last leg of the long journey that began in Luk 9:51 (see note there).
Bible Cross References
Mark 10:32 Luke 9:51 Luke 10:30

Verse 29

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
He drew nigh to the place where the borders of Bethphage and Bethany met, which was at the foot of the mount of Olives. (Matthew 21:1) ; (Mark 11:1) .
McArther Bible Commentary
Bethphage. See note on Mat 21:1. Bethany. Jesus often stayed there during His visits to Jerusalem. See note on Luk 10:38. mountain called Olivet. The main peak of a ridge running north to south, located east of the Kidron Valley, adjacent to the temple. Olivet derived its name from the dense olive groves that once covered it. See note on Mat 24:3.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 21:1 Matthew 21:17 Mark 11:1 Luke 19:30 Luke 19:37 Luke 21:37 Acts 1:12

Verse 30

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
McArther Bible Commentary
See notes on Mat 21:1-8; Mar 11:1-8.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 21:2 Luke 19:29 Luke 19:31

Verse 31

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:30 Luke 19:32

Verse 32

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:31 Luke 19:33

Verse 33

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:32 Luke 19:34

Verse 34

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:33 Luke 19:35

Verse 35

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
Bible Cross References
Matthew 21:4 Mark 11:7 Luke 19:34 Luke 19:36 John 12:12

Verse 36

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
McArther Bible Commentary
spread their clothes. See notes on Mat 21:8; Mar 11:8. Luke omits the cutting of palm branches mentioned by Matthew and Mark.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 21:8 Luke 19:35 Luke 19:37

Verse 37

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The whole multitude began to praise God - Speaking at once, as it seems, from a Divine impulse, words which most of them did not understand.
McArther Bible Commentary
the whole multitude of the disciples. Doubtless many in the crowd were not true disciples. mighty works. Joh 12:17-18 specifically mentions that news of the raising of Lazarus had provoked many in the crowd to come to see Jesus.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 21:1 Luke 18:43 Luke 19:29 Luke 19:36 John 12:18

Verse 38

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Peace in heaven - God being reconciled to man.
McArther Bible Commentary
Blessed is the King. Quoting Psa 118:26, they hailed Jesus as Messiah. See note on Mat 21:9. Peace in heaven. Only Luke reported this phrase. It is reminiscent of the angels' message in Luk 2:14.
Bible Cross References
Psalm 118:26 Matthew 2:2 Matthew 21:9 Matthew 25:34 Matthew 25:40 Luke 2:14 Luke 13:35

Verse 39

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Rebuke thy disciples - Paying thee this immoderate honour.
McArther Bible Commentary
rebuke Your disciples. The Pharisees were offended by people offering Him such worshipful praise. They wanted Him to stop them.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 2:7 Matthew 21:15

Verse 40

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ enters Jerusalem.
Christ has dominion over all creatures, and may use them as he pleases. He has all men's hearts both under his eye and in his hand. Christ's triumphs, and his disciples' joyful praises, vex proud Pharisees, who are enemies to him and to his kingdom. But Christ, as he despises the contempt of the proud, so he accepts the praises of the humble. Pharisees would silence the praises of Christ, but they cannot; for as God can out of stones raise up children unto Abraham, and turn the stony heart to himself, so he can bring praise out of the mouths of children. And what will be the feelings of men when the Lord returns in glory to judge the world!
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
If these should hold their peace, the stones, which lie before you, would cry out - That is, God would raise up some still more unlikely instruments to declare his praise. For the power of God will not return empty.
McArther Bible Commentary
the stones would immediately cry out. This was a strong claim of deity, and perhaps a reference to the words of Hab 2:11. Scripture often speaks of inanimate nature praising God. Cf. Psa 96:11; Psa 98:7-9; Psa 114:7; Isa 55:12. Cf. also the words of John the Baptist in Mat 3:9; note the fulfillment of Jesus' words in Mat 27:51.
Bible Cross References
Habakkuk 2:11 Luke 19:41

Verse 41

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ laments over Jerusalem.
Who can behold the holy Jesus, looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of God in the believer, consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though Jesus wept over Jerusalem, he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the death of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his salvation. The Son of God did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and salvation.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
Present Sins Fix Guilt
—The generation that Jesus denounced was not responsible for the sins of their fathers, only so far as they followed their evil practices, and thus made themselves accountable for their course of hatred and revenge in persecuting the ancient messengers of God. It was the present mercies and warnings which that generation were rejecting that fastened upon them guilt which the blood of bulls and goats could not wash away. Proud, self-righteous, and independent, they had separated farther and farther from heaven until they had become willing subjects of Satan. The Jewish nation for centuries had been forging the fetters which that generation were irrevocably fastening upon themselves. (The Spirit of Prophecy 3:10, 11).
John Calvin Bible Commentary
And wept over it.As there was nothing which Christ more ardently desired than to execute the office which the Father had committed to him, and as he knew that the end of his calling was to gatherthe lost sheep of the house of Israel, (Matthew 15:24,) he wished that his coming might bring salvation to all. This was the reason why he was moved with compassion, andwept over the approaching destruction of the city of Jerusalem. For while he reflected that this was the sacred abode which God had chosen, in which the covenant of eternal salvation should dwell — the sanctuary from which salvation would go forth to the whole world, it was impossible that he should not deeply deplore its ruin. And when he saw the people, who had been adopted to the hope of eternal life, perish miserably through their ingratitude and wickedness, we need not wonder if he could not refrain from tears.As to those who think it strange that Christ should bewail an evil which he had it in his power to remedy, this difficulty is quickly removed. For as he came down from heaven, that, clothed in human flesh, he might be the witness and minister of the salvation which comes from God, so he actually took upon him human feelings, as far as the office which he had undertaken allowed. And it is necessary that we should always give due consideration to the character which he sustains, when he speaks, or when he is employed in accomplishing the salvation of men; as in this passage, in order that he may execute faithfully his Father’s commission, he must necessarily desire that the fruit of the redemption should come to the whole body of the elect people. Since, therefore, he was given to this people as a minister for salvation, it is in accordance with the nature of his office that he should deplore its destruction. He was God, I acknowledge; but on all occasions when it was necessary that he should perform the office of teacher, his divinity rested, and was in a manner concealed, that it might not hinder what belonged to him as Mediator. By this weeping he proved not only that he loved, like a brother, those for whose sake he became man, but also that God made to flow into human nature the Spirit of fatherly love.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For the days shall come upon thee.He now assumes, as it were, the character of a judge, and addresses Jerusalem with greater severity. In like manner the prophets also, though they shed tears over the destruction of those about whom they ought to feel anxiety, yet they summon up courage to pronounce severe threatenings, because they know that not only are they commanded to watch over the salvation of men, but that they have also been appointed to be the heralds of the judgment of God. Under these terms Jesus declares that Jerusalem will suffer dreadful punishment,because she did not know the time of her visitation;that is, because she despised the Redeemer who had been exhibited to her, and did not embrace his grace. Let the fearful nature of the punishments which she endured now alarm us, that we may not, by our carelessness, extinguish the light of salvation, but may be careful to receive the grace of God, and may even run with rigor to meet it.
McArther Bible Commentary
Only Luke recorded the weeping of Jesus over the city of Jerusalem. Christ grieved over Jerusalem on at least two other occasions (Luk 13:34; Mat 23:37). The timing of this lament may seem incongruous with the triumphal entry, but it reveals that Jesus knew the true superficiality of the peoples' hearts, and His mood was anything but giddy as He rode into the city. The same crowd would soon cry for his death (Luk 23:21).
Bible Cross References
2 Kings 8:11 Isaiah 22:4 Isaiah 28:21 Jeremiah 13:17 Luke 13:34 Luke 13:35 Luke 19:42 John 11:35

Verse 42

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ laments over Jerusalem.
Who can behold the holy Jesus, looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of God in the believer, consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though Jesus wept over Jerusalem, he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the death of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his salvation. The Son of God did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and salvation.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
Present Sins Fix Guilt
—The generation that Jesus denounced was not responsible for the sins of their fathers, only so far as they followed their evil practices, and thus made themselves accountable for their course of hatred and revenge in persecuting the ancient messengers of God. It was the present mercies and warnings which that generation were rejecting that fastened upon them guilt which the blood of bulls and goats could not wash away. Proud, self-righteous, and independent, they had separated farther and farther from heaven until they had become willing subjects of Satan. The Jewish nation for centuries had been forging the fetters which that generation were irrevocably fastening upon themselves. (The Spirit of Prophecy 3:10, 11).
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
. See EGW on Matthew 23:37-39.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
O that thou hadst known, at least in this thy day - After thou hast neglected so many. Thy day - The day wherein God still offers thee his blessings.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
Seek the Lord while he may be found; call upon him while he is near, (Isaiah 55:6.)The things which belong to thy peaceUnder the wordpeace he includes, according to the meaning of the Hebrew phrase, all that is essential to happiness. Nor does he simply say, that Jerusalem did notknow her peace, but the things which belonged to her peace; for it frequently happens that men are far from being unacquainted with their happiness, but they are ignorant of the way and means, (as we say,) because they are blinded by their wickedness. Now since the compassion is mingled with reproach, let us observe, that men deserve the heavier punishment in proportion to the excellence of the gifts which they have received, because to other sins there is added an impious profanation of heavenly grace. Secondly, let us observe, that the nearer God approaches to us, and holds out the light of sound doctrine, the less excusable are we, if we neglect this opportunity. The gate of salvation, indeed, is always open; but as God is sometimes silent, it is no ordinary privilege, when He invites us to himself with a loud voice, and in a familiar manner, and therefore the contempt will be visited by severer punishment.But now they are hid from thy eyes.This is not said for the purpose of extenuating the guilt of Jerusalem; for, on the contrary, it marks with disgrace the monstrous stupidity of that city, that, when God is present, it does not perceive him. I do acknowledge that it belongs to God alone to open the eyes of the blind, and that no man is qualified for understanding the mysteries of the heavenly kingdom, unless God enlighten him inwardly by his Spirit; but it does not follow from this that they who perish through their own brutal blindness are excusable. Christ intended also to remove an offense, which might otherwise have perplexed the ignorant and weak; for when the eyes of all were directed to that city, his example might have very great influence in both respects, either for evil or for good. That no man then may be perplexed by its unbelief and proud contempt of the Gospel,Jerusalem is condemned for disgraceful blindness.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For the days shall come upon thee.He now assumes, as it were, the character of a judge, and addresses Jerusalem with greater severity. In like manner the prophets also, though they shed tears over the destruction of those about whom they ought to feel anxiety, yet they summon up courage to pronounce severe threatenings, because they know that not only are they commanded to watch over the salvation of men, but that they have also been appointed to be the heralds of the judgment of God. Under these terms Jesus declares that Jerusalem will suffer dreadful punishment,because she did not know the time of her visitation;that is, because she despised the Redeemer who had been exhibited to her, and did not embrace his grace. Let the fearful nature of the punishments which she endured now alarm us, that we may not, by our carelessness, extinguish the light of salvation, but may be careful to receive the grace of God, and may even run with rigor to meet it.
Bible Cross References
Jeremiah 13:17 Matthew 13:15 Luke 19:41 Luke 19:43

Verse 43

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ laments over Jerusalem.
Who can behold the holy Jesus, looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of God in the believer, consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though Jesus wept over Jerusalem, he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the death of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his salvation. The Son of God did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and salvation.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
Present Sins Fix Guilt
—The generation that Jesus denounced was not responsible for the sins of their fathers, only so far as they followed their evil practices, and thus made themselves accountable for their course of hatred and revenge in persecuting the ancient messengers of God. It was the present mercies and warnings which that generation were rejecting that fastened upon them guilt which the blood of bulls and goats could not wash away. Proud, self-righteous, and independent, they had separated farther and farther from heaven until they had become willing subjects of Satan. The Jewish nation for centuries had been forging the fetters which that generation were irrevocably fastening upon themselves. (The Spirit of Prophecy 3:10, 11).
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee around - All this was exactly performed by Titus, the Roman general.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For the days shall come upon thee.He now assumes, as it were, the character of a judge, and addresses Jerusalem with greater severity. In like manner the prophets also, though they shed tears over the destruction of those about whom they ought to feel anxiety, yet they summon up courage to pronounce severe threatenings, because they know that not only are they commanded to watch over the salvation of men, but that they have also been appointed to be the heralds of the judgment of God. Under these terms Jesus declares that Jerusalem will suffer dreadful punishment,because she did not know the time of her visitation;that is, because she despised the Redeemer who had been exhibited to her, and did not embrace his grace. Let the fearful nature of the punishments which she endured now alarm us, that we may not, by our carelessness, extinguish the light of salvation, but may be careful to receive the grace of God, and may even run with rigor to meet it.
McArther Bible Commentary
surround you and close you in. Cf. Luk 21:20. This is precisely the method used by Titus when he laid siege to Jerusalem in A.D. 70. He surrounded the city on April 9, cutting off all supplies, and trapping thousands of people who had been in Jerusalem for the Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread (just completed). The Romans systematically built embankments around the city, gradually starving the city's inhabitants. The Romans held the city in this manner through the summer, defeating various sections of the city one by one. The final overthrow of the city occurred in early September
Bible Cross References
Ecclesiastes 9:14 Isaiah 29:3 Isaiah 37:33 Jeremiah 6:3 Jeremiah 6:6 Ezekiel 4:2 Ezekiel 26:8 Daniel 9:26 Luke 19:42 Luke 21:20

Verse 44

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ laments over Jerusalem.
Who can behold the holy Jesus, looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of God in the believer, consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though Jesus wept over Jerusalem, he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the death of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his salvation. The Son of God did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and salvation.
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
Present Sins Fix Guilt
—The generation that Jesus denounced was not responsible for the sins of their fathers, only so far as they followed their evil practices, and thus made themselves accountable for their course of hatred and revenge in persecuting the ancient messengers of God. It was the present mercies and warnings which that generation were rejecting that fastened upon them guilt which the blood of bulls and goats could not wash away. Proud, self-righteous, and independent, they had separated farther and farther from heaven until they had become willing subjects of Satan. The Jewish nation for centuries had been forging the fetters which that generation were irrevocably fastening upon themselves. (The Spirit of Prophecy 3:10, 11).
EGW SDA Bible Commentary
. See EGW on Matthew 24:2.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
And thy children within thee - All the Jews were at that time gathered together, it being the time of the passover. They shall not leave in thee one stone upon another - Only three towers were left standing for a time, to show the former strength and magnificence of the place. But these likewise were afterward levelled with the ground.
John Calvin Bible Commentary
For the days shall come upon thee.He now assumes, as it were, the character of a judge, and addresses Jerusalem with greater severity. In like manner the prophets also, though they shed tears over the destruction of those about whom they ought to feel anxiety, yet they summon up courage to pronounce severe threatenings, because they know that not only are they commanded to watch over the salvation of men, but that they have also been appointed to be the heralds of the judgment of God. Under these terms Jesus declares that Jerusalem will suffer dreadful punishment,because she did not know the time of her visitation;that is, because she despised the Redeemer who had been exhibited to her, and did not embrace his grace. Let the fearful nature of the punishments which she endured now alarm us, that we may not, by our carelessness, extinguish the light of salvation, but may be careful to receive the grace of God, and may even run with rigor to meet it.
McArther Bible Commentary
and level you. This was literally fulfilled. The Romans utterly demolished the city, temple, residences, and people. Men, women, and children were brutally slaughtered by the tens of thousands. The few survivors were carried off to become victims of the Roman circus games and gladiatorial bouts. because you did not know the time of your visitation. I.e., Jerusalem's utter destruction was divine judgment for their failure to recognize and embrace their Messiah when He visited them (cf. Luk 20:13-16; Joh 1:10-11).
Bible Cross References
Isaiah 10:3 Isaiah 29:3 Jeremiah 11:23 Daniel 9:26 Matthew 24:2 Mark 13:2 Luke 21:6 1 Peter 2:12

Verse 45

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ laments over Jerusalem.
Who can behold the holy Jesus, looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of God in the believer, consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though Jesus wept over Jerusalem, he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the death of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his salvation. The Son of God did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and salvation.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
(Matthew 21:12) ; (Mark 11:11) .
McArther Bible Commentary
This was the second time Jesus had driven the sellers out of the temple, and is a different incident from the one described in Joh 2:14-16. He quotes from Isa 56:7. See note on Mat 21:12.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 21:12 Matthew 21:13 Mark 11:15 John 2:13 John 2:14

Verse 46

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ laments over Jerusalem.
Who can behold the holy Jesus, looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of God in the believer, consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though Jesus wept over Jerusalem, he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the death of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his salvation. The Son of God did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and salvation.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
(Isaiah 56:7) .
Bible Cross References
Isaiah 56:7 Jeremiah 7:11 Matthew 21:13 Mark 11:17

Verse 47

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ laments over Jerusalem.
Who can behold the holy Jesus, looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of God in the believer, consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though Jesus wept over Jerusalem, he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the death of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his salvation. The Son of God did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and salvation.
McArther Bible Commentary
chief priests. See note on Mat 2:4. The rulers of the temple. scribes. Mostly Pharisees, experts in the law and traditions. leaders of the people. Prominent Jewish laymen with influence in temple affairs. By bringing His ministry to the temple, Christ had walked into the very heart of the opposition against Him. sought to destroy Him. I.e., kill Him (cf. Luk 22:2; Mat 26:3-4; Joh 5:16-18; Joh 7:1, Joh 7:19, Joh 7:25).
Bible Cross References
Matthew 26:55 Mark 14:49 Luke 19:48 Luke 20:19 Luke 21:37

Verse 48

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Christ laments over Jerusalem.
Who can behold the holy Jesus, looking forward to the miseries that awaited his murderers, weeping over the city where his precious blood was about to be shed, without seeing that the likeness of God in the believer, consists much in good-will and compassion? Surely those cannot be right who take up any doctrines of truth, so as to be hardened towards their fellow-sinners. But let every one remember, that though Jesus wept over Jerusalem, he executed awful vengeance upon it. Though he delights not in the death of a sinner, yet he will surely bring to pass his awful threatenings on those who neglect his salvation. The Son of God did not weep vain and causeless tears, nor for a light matter, nor for himself. He knows the value of souls, the weight of guilt, and how low it will press and sink mankind. May he then come and cleanse our hearts by his Spirit, from all that defiles. May sinners, on every side, become attentive to the words of truth and salvation.
Bible Cross References
Luke 19:47 Luke 20:1