1 The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal,

Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man.

I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy.

Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou canst tell?

Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him.

Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar.

Two things have I required of thee; deny me them not before I die:

Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me:

Lest I be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the Lord? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain.

10 Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty.

11 There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not bless their mother.

12 There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness.

13 There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.

14 There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men.

15 The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give. There are three things that are never satisfied, yea, four things say not, It is enough:

16 The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough.

17 The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.

18 There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not:

19 The way of an eagle in the air; the way of a serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst of the sea; and the way of a man with a maid.

20 Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness.

21 For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear:

22 For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat;

23 For an odious woman when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress.

24 There be four things which are little upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise:

25 The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer;

26 The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;

27 The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands;

28 The spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings' palaces.

29 There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in going:

30 A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any;

31 A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.

32 If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth.

33 Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.

Commentary

Verse 1

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In ver.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Jakeh - Who lived either in Solomon's time, or rather afterwards, and was famous in his generation for wisdom and piety. The prophecy - The prophetical instruction; for as the prophets were public preachers as well as foretellers of things to come, so their sermons, no less than their predictions, are commonly called their prophecies. And Ucal - Two friends and co - temporaries of Agur, who desired his instructions.
McArther Bible Commentary
The words of Agur. This is a collection of proverbs written by an unknown sage who was likely a student of wisdom at the time of Solomon (cf. 1Ki 4:30-31). Agur reflects humility (Pro 30:1-4), a deep hatred for arrogance (Pro 30:7-9), and a keen theological mind (Pro 30:5-6).
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 29:27 Proverbs 30:2

Verse 2

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In ver.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Surely - This he utters from a modest and humble apprehension of his own ignorance.
McArther Bible Commentary
more stupid … neither learned. This is a statement of humility and a recognition of the reality that, apart from divine revelation, there would be no true wisdom (see notes on Pro 1:7; Pro 9:10). This is illustrated in the pursuits of Job (Job 3:3-26) and Solomon (Ecc 3:1-15). Agur was wise because he first admitted what he could not know (1Co 2:6-16).
Bible Cross References
Psalm 49:10 Psalm 73:22 Proverbs 12:1 Proverbs 30:1

Verse 3

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In ver.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
I neither learned - I have not been taught in the schools of wisdom. Of the holy - Of the holy prophets. I have not such Divine inspirations as prophets strictly so called have received.
McArther Bible Commentary
knowledge of the Holy One. Agur knew that he could not gain wisdom through human searching alone. Understanding is here associated with the holiness of God. Cf. Pro 9:10; 1Co 8:2.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 9:10 Proverbs 30:4

Verse 4

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In ver.
Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
In every age there are monsters of ingratitude who ill-treat their parents. Many persuade themselves they are holy persons, whose hearts are full of sin, and who practise secret wickedness. There are others whose lofty pride is manifest. There have also been cruel monsters in every age.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Who - What mere man? None at all. Ascended - To learn the mind of God who dwells there. Descended - To teach men below what he had learned above. No man can fully know and teach us these things unless he hath been in heaven, and sent down from thence to the earth for that end. In his fists - To hold them in, or let them out at his pleasure? And none but he who made and governs all creatures, can know and teach these things. The waters - Those above the clouds, and those below, the sea which God keeps as it were within doors, and the water which he shuts up in the bowels of the earth. The earth - The whole earth from one end to another, which God upholdeth in the air, by the word of his power. If - If thou thinkest there be any man who can do these things, produce his name; or if he be dead, the name of any of his posterity.
McArther Bible Commentary
Who … what. These questions can be answered only by revelation from God. A person can know the "what" about creative wisdom through observation of the physical world and its inner workings, but cannot know the "who." The "who" can be known only when God reveals Himself, which He has in Scripture. This is the testimony and conclusion of Job (Job 42:1-6), Solomon (Ecc 12:1-14), Isaiah (Isa 40:12-17; Isa 46:8-11; Isa 66:18-19), and Paul (Rom 8:18-39). His Son's name. Jesus Christ. Cf. Joh 1:1-18; Joh 3:13.
Bible Cross References
John 3:13 Ephesians 4:8 Revelation 19:12 Exodus 15:10 Job 26:8 Job 38:4 Job 38:8 Job 38:9 Psalm 24:2 Psalm 68:18 Psalm 135:7 Isaiah 45:18

Verse 5

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In ver.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Pure - You must not expect the full knowledge of Divine mysteries from me, nor from any man, but from the word of God.
McArther Bible Commentary
pure. Lit. "tried," and found to be without dross or error. Cf. Psa 12:6.
Bible Cross References
2 Samuel 22:31 Psalm 3:3 Psalm 12:6 Psalm 18:2 Psalm 18:30 Psalm 84:11 Proverbs 2:7

Verse 6

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In ver.
McArther Bible Commentary
Do not add. A powerful statement on the inspired nature of God's canonical Word to Israel. To add to God's Word is to deny God as the standard of truth (cf. Gen 2:16-17 with Pro 3:2-3). See notes on Deu 4:2; Rev 22:18-19.
Bible Cross References
Revelation 22:18 Revelation 22:19 Deuteronomy 4:2 Deuteronomy 12:32 Proverbs 30:7

Verse 7

McArther Bible Commentary
The prayer of a true seeker of wisdom. He seeks from the Lord honesty in heart and sufficiency in Him (away from the dangers posed by the extremes of poverty or wealth). If he has too much, he could quit depending on God (see Deu 8:11-20; Pro 10:15; Pro 18:11), and if he has too little, he could be tempted to live like the sluggard (Pro 6:6-11).
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 30:6 Proverbs 30:8

Verse 8

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Vanity - All vanity of heart and life; a vain conversation, or a love of the vain things of this world. Lies - All falsehood and deceit in my words and carriage. Convenient - Moderate and suitable both to my natural necessities, and to that condition of life in which thou hast put me.
Bible Cross References
Matthew 6:11 1 Timothy 6:8 Job 23:12 Proverbs 30:7

Verse 9

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Deny thee - By trusting to riches, which is a denial of God, and by unthankfulness for, and abuse of his mercies. Who is the Lord - That I should serve him. Lest I take - Use false oaths either to vindicate myself when I am suspected, or to gratify others, as poor men frequently do.
McArther Bible Commentary
"Who is the Lord?" This is a question reflecting extreme arrogance, e.g., "Who is the Almighty, that we should serve Him?" (Job 21:14-16). Cf. Deu 8:10-18; Luk 12:16-21.
Bible Cross References
Exodus 20:7 Deuteronomy 8:12 Deuteronomy 31:20 Joshua 24:27 Nehemiah 9:25 Job 31:28 Proverbs 6:30 Isaiah 59:13 Jeremiah 5:12 Hosea 13:6

Verse 10

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Accuse not - Without sufficient cause: for otherwise, in some cases this may be a duty. Curse thee - Desire God to punish thee. Guilty - By God, who is ready to plead the cause of the afflicted.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 8:21 Ecclesiastes 7:21

Verse 11

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
A generation - A sort of men.
McArther Bible Commentary
See note on Pro 20:20. Cf. Exo 21:17; Psa 14:5; Psa 24:6.
Bible Cross References
Exodus 21:17 Proverbs 20:20 Malachi 1:6

Verse 12

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Not washed - Who imagine they are truly religious, when they live in a course of wickedness.
McArther Bible Commentary
See notes on Pro 16:2; Pro 20:9; cf. Mat 23:23-26.
Bible Cross References
Luke 18:11 Titus 1:15 Titus 1:16 Proverbs 16:2 Isaiah 65:5 Jeremiah 2:23

Verse 13

McArther Bible Commentary
See note on Pro 21:4.
Bible Cross References
Psalm 131:1 Proverbs 6:17 Isaiah 2:11 Isaiah 5:15

Verse 14

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Devour - Extortioners, and cruel oppressors.
McArther Bible Commentary
See note on Pro 14:31.
Bible Cross References
Job 29:17 Psalm 14:4 Psalm 57:4 Psalm 124:6 Proverbs 30:15 Isaiah 3:14 Amos 8:4

Verse 15

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Cruelty and covetousness are two daughters of the horseleech, that still cry, "Give, give," and they are continually uneasy to themselves. Four things never are satisfied, to which these devourers are compared. Those are never rich that are always coveting. And many who have come to a bad end, have owned that their wicked courses began by despising their parents' authority.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The horse - leach - An insatiable creature, sucking blood 'till it is ready to burst. Two daughters - The following things resemble the horse - leach in its insatiableness; nothing being more ordinary than to call those persons or things the sons or daughters of those whose examples they imitate. Three - Though he begins with two, yet he proceeds from thence to three, and four, all which are said to be the daughters of the horse - leach.
McArther Bible Commentary
leech … Give and Give! These two blood-sucking mouths of the horse leech, which lived off the blood of its victim, are used to picture the insatiably greedy.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 27:20 Proverbs 30:14 Proverbs 30:16

Verse 16

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Cruelty and covetousness are two daughters of the horseleech, that still cry, "Give, give," and they are continually uneasy to themselves. Four things never are satisfied, to which these devourers are compared. Those are never rich that are always coveting. And many who have come to a bad end, have owned that their wicked courses began by despising their parents' authority.
McArther Bible Commentary
grave … fire. Four illustrations of the greedy are given, all of which are parasitic in nature and characterize the heart of human greed. Cf. Gen 16:2; Gen 20:18; Gen 30:1.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 30:1 Proverbs 27:20 Proverbs 30:15 Isaiah 5:14 Habakkuk 2:5

Verse 17

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Cruelty and covetousness are two daughters of the horseleech, that still cry, "Give, give," and they are continually uneasy to themselves. Four things never are satisfied, to which these devourers are compared. Those are never rich that are always coveting. And many who have come to a bad end, have owned that their wicked courses began by despising their parents' authority.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The eye - He that scorneth or derideth his parents, tho' it be but with a look or gesture, and much more when he breaks out into opprobrious words and actions.
McArther Bible Commentary
eye thatmocks. This proverb vividly speaks to the tragic results of disregarding parental respect and authority and the destruction it brings. See notes on Pro 10:1; Pro 17:21; Pro 29:15, Pro 29:17; cf. Exo 20:12. ravens … young eagles. These birds scavenge the unburied corpse of a child who dies prematurely because of rebellion. Cf. 1Sa 17:44; 1Ki 14:11; Jer 16:4; Eze 29:5; Eze 39:7.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 9:22 Deuteronomy 28:26 Proverbs 15:20 Proverbs 23:22 Proverbs 30:18 Malachi 1:6

Verse 18

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Four things cannot be fully known. The kingdom of nature is full of marvels. The fourth is a mystery of iniquity; the cursed arts by which a vile seducer gains the affections of a female; and the arts which a vile woman uses to conceal her wickedness.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Wonderful - The way whereof I cannot trace.
McArther Bible Commentary
Hypocrisy is illustrated by four natural analogies of concealment: (1) an eagle leaves no trail in the air; (2) a slithering snake leaves no trail on the rock; (3) a ship leaves no trail in the sea; (4) a man leaves no marks after he has slept with a virgin. These actions are all concealed and serve to illustrate the hypocrisy of the adulterous woman who hides the evidences of her shame while professing innocence.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 30:17 Proverbs 30:19

Verse 19

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Four things cannot be fully known. The kingdom of nature is full of marvels. The fourth is a mystery of iniquity; the cursed arts by which a vile seducer gains the affections of a female; and the arts which a vile woman uses to conceal her wickedness.
Bible Cross References
Deuteronomy 28:49 Proverbs 30:18 Jeremiah 48:40 Jeremiah 49:22

Verse 20

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Four things cannot be fully known. The kingdom of nature is full of marvels. The fourth is a mystery of iniquity; the cursed arts by which a vile seducer gains the affections of a female; and the arts which a vile woman uses to conceal her wickedness.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Such is - So secret and undiscernible. Eateth - The bread of deceit in secret.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 5:6 Proverbs 30:21

Verse 21

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Four things that are little, are yet to be admired. There are those who are poor in the world, and of small account, yet wise for their souls and another world.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Four - Which are intolerable in human societies.
McArther Bible Commentary
earth is perturbed. See notes on Pro 19:10; Pro 28:3. Society is greatly agitated when normal roles are overturned, e.g., servants reigning, fools made rich, hated women married, and maidservants becoming wives (cf. Gen 16:1-6).
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 30:20 Proverbs 30:22

Verse 22

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Four things that are little, are yet to be admired. There are those who are poor in the world, and of small account, yet wise for their souls and another world.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
A servant - For such an one is commonly ignorant, and therefore commits many errors; he is poor, and therefore insatiable, he is proud and imperious, and usually injurious and cruel. A fool - A conceited fool. When - When he abounds in wealth.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 19:10 Proverbs 30:21 Proverbs 30:23 Ecclesiastes 10:7

Verse 23

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
Four things that are little, are yet to be admired. There are those who are poor in the world, and of small account, yet wise for their souls and another world.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
An odious - Proud, and perverse. Married - For then she displays all those ill humours, which before, she concealed. Is heir - Which great and sudden change transports her beside herself, and makes her insufferably proud and scornful.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 30:22 Proverbs 30:24

Verse 24

McArther Bible Commentary
four things which are little. These verses picture four creatures that survive due to natural instinct. The wisdom seen in each of these reveals the beauty of the wise Creator and His creation (cf. Psa 8:3-9) and becomes a model for the principle that labor, diligence, organization, planning, and resourcefulness are better than strength, thus implying the superiority of wisdom over might.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 6:6 Proverbs 30:23 Proverbs 30:25

Verse 25

McArther Bible Commentary
ants. These survive through planning and labor. See note on Pro 6:6.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 6:6 Proverbs 30:24

Verse 26

McArther Bible Commentary
rock badgers. Badgers, though weak, survive by being diligent enough to climb and find sanctuary in high places. Cf. Lev 11:5; Psa 104:18.
Bible Cross References
Leviticus 11:5 Psalm 104:18

Verse 27

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Bands - Several companies, in exact order.
McArther Bible Commentary
locusts. These survive through careful organization.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 6:7 Proverbs 30:28 Joel 2:7

Verse 28

John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Hands - With her legs, which he calls hands, because they serve her for the same use, to do her work, to weave her web, and to catch gnats or flies. Palaces - Is not only in poor cottages, but many times in palaces also.
McArther Bible Commentary
spider. These creatures are resourceful and can crawl and set up their webs even in a palace.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 30:27 Proverbs 30:29

Verse 29

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
We may learn from animals to go well; also to keep our temper under all provocations. We must keep the evil thought in our minds from breaking out into evil speeches. We must not stir up the passions of others. Let nothing be said or done with violence, but every thing with softness and calmness. Alas, how often have we done foolishly in rising up against the Lord our King! Let us humble ourselves before him. And having found peace with Him, let us follow peace with all men.
McArther Bible Commentary
three things … majestic in pace … four. The three creatures and the king all picture wise, stately, and orderly deportment. Each offers a glimpse of the Creator's power and wisdom (cf. Job. 38:1-42:6) and illustrates the dignity and confidence of those who walk wisely.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 30:28 Proverbs 30:30

Verse 30

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
We may learn from animals to go well; also to keep our temper under all provocations. We must keep the evil thought in our minds from breaking out into evil speeches. We must not stir up the passions of others. Let nothing be said or done with violence, but every thing with softness and calmness. Alas, how often have we done foolishly in rising up against the Lord our King! Let us humble ourselves before him. And having found peace with Him, let us follow peace with all men.
Bible Cross References
Judges 14:18 2 Samuel 1:23 Proverbs 30:29 Proverbs 30:31 Micah 5:8

Verse 31

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
We may learn from animals to go well; also to keep our temper under all provocations. We must keep the evil thought in our minds from breaking out into evil speeches. We must not stir up the passions of others. Let nothing be said or done with violence, but every thing with softness and calmness. Alas, how often have we done foolishly in rising up against the Lord our King! Let us humble ourselves before him. And having found peace with Him, let us follow peace with all men.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
An he - goat - Which marches in the head of the flock in a grave and stately manner, conducting them with great courage and resolution, and being ready to fight for them, either with beasts or men that oppose him. A king - Heb. a king and his people with him, a king when he hath the hearts and hands of his people going along with him in his undertakings.
McArther Bible Commentary
greyhound. The meaning in Hebrew is uncertain. Other possibilities are (1) a strutting rooster or (2) a war-horse ready for battle. Cf. Job 39:19-25. male goat. This is the male goat that was the leader of the flock. Cf. Dan 8:5.
Bible Cross References
Proverbs 30:30 Proverbs 30:32

Verse 32

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
We may learn from animals to go well; also to keep our temper under all provocations. We must keep the evil thought in our minds from breaking out into evil speeches. We must not stir up the passions of others. Let nothing be said or done with violence, but every thing with softness and calmness. Alas, how often have we done foolishly in rising up against the Lord our King! Let us humble ourselves before him. And having found peace with Him, let us follow peace with all men.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
Thought - Designed any injury against thy neighbour. Lay thine hand - Do not open thy mouth to excuse it, but repent of it, and do so no more.
McArther Bible Commentary
put your hand on your mouth. Lit. "stop your scheming and talking"-a gesture of awestruck, self-imposed silence. Cf. Job 21:5; Job 29:9; Job 40:4.
Bible Cross References
Job 21:5 Job 40:4 Proverbs 30:31 Micah 7:16

Verse 33

Matthew Henry's Concise Bible Commentary
Through the whole of the Proverbs, we are to look for somewhat beyond the first sense the passage may imply, and this we shall find to be Christ. He is the Wisdom so often spoken of in this book.
We may learn from animals to go well; also to keep our temper under all provocations. We must keep the evil thought in our minds from breaking out into evil speeches. We must not stir up the passions of others. Let nothing be said or done with violence, but every thing with softness and calmness. Alas, how often have we done foolishly in rising up against the Lord our King! Let us humble ourselves before him. And having found peace with Him, let us follow peace with all men.
John Wesley's Bible Commentary
The forcing - The stirring up of wrath, either in a man's self towards others, by giving way to passion; or in others by reproaches, or any other provocations. Bringeth forth - Is the cause of many quarrels.
McArther Bible Commentary
produces. The verb is the same (pressing or squeezing) in all three instances. These are natural causes and effects to show that anger pressed beyond certain limits produces conflict.
Bible Cross References
Genesis 18:8 Proverbs 10:12 Proverbs 29:22 Proverbs 31:1